本文選題：開關(guān)磁阻電機(jī) + 故障檢測�。� 參考：《河北工業(yè)大學(xué)》2014年博士論文

【摘要】：開關(guān)磁阻電機(jī)（SRM）由于其結(jié)構(gòu)簡單及獨(dú)立的相間控制，具備較高可靠性，與其它電機(jī)相比具有一定的容錯能力。但其固有的容錯能力也是有限的，電機(jī)長期故障運(yùn)行，必將對整個系統(tǒng)造成嚴(yán)重危害。因此，對開關(guān)磁阻電機(jī)調(diào)速系統(tǒng)（SRD）故障檢測技術(shù)的研究具有十分重要的意義，以便采取適當(dāng)?shù)娜蒎e策略。本論文以SRD故障檢測技術(shù)的研究為主題，基于電流信號提取技術(shù)分別對電機(jī)定子繞組匝間短路故障、功率變換器故障、氣隙偏心這三類故障提出了新的檢測方法。 首先，本文基于GA-BP算法對SRM進(jìn)行建模。建立以電機(jī)繞組相電流和轉(zhuǎn)子位置角為輸入、磁鏈和轉(zhuǎn)矩為輸出的神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)模型，利用GA-BP混合算法對網(wǎng)絡(luò)進(jìn)行訓(xùn)練。與傳統(tǒng)BP神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)所建模型相比較，該法建模具有較高準(zhǔn)確度和可靠性。并基于Matlab/Simulink環(huán)境，提出一種獨(dú)立功能模塊化的8/6極SRM建模方法。分別對電機(jī)本體、功率變換器、速度控制、電流控制、轉(zhuǎn)子位置角選擇、轉(zhuǎn)矩計算及參數(shù)計算等各部分進(jìn)行模塊化建模，再將各模塊有機(jī)組合在一起，構(gòu)建出SRD整體仿真模型。模型的速度控制器由PI調(diào)節(jié)器構(gòu)成，電流控制模塊將采用角度位置控制（APC）與電流斬波控制（CCC）相結(jié)合的控制方式，有效地實(shí)現(xiàn)了電機(jī)實(shí)時控制。 其次，基于電磁分析軟件Maxwell與電路分析軟件Simplorer建立SRD仿真系統(tǒng)，深入分析了繞組匝間短路故障原理，分別從磁路和場路的角度對電機(jī)一極繞組完全短路和匝間短路兩種情況進(jìn)行仿真研究。仿真實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果證明繞組短路故障破壞電機(jī)磁極間對稱性，對電機(jī)輸出性能造成影響。在此基礎(chǔ)上，基于相電流頻譜分析，提取基波分量重構(gòu)SRM四相的對稱電流，利用對稱分量法計算重構(gòu)電流的正序分量及負(fù)序分量，以正序分量與負(fù)序分量的比值作為故障特征量。不同工況下的仿真與實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果證明了該方法可有效地實(shí)現(xiàn)SRM定子繞組匝間短路故障檢測。 此外，基于電機(jī)正常運(yùn)行與故障運(yùn)行時直流母線電流、相電流的不同表現(xiàn)提取故障特征量，并結(jié)合功率元件通斷狀態(tài)進(jìn)行綜合分析，提出一種能夠及時準(zhǔn)確地檢測出故障發(fā)生、診斷出故障相、判斷出故障類型、定位出故障元件的綜合檢測方案。仿真與實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果證明該檢測方案在電機(jī)高速、低速運(yùn)行時的準(zhǔn)確性和可靠性。 同時，基于SRM電路方程的推導(dǎo)，得到以氣隙長度為變量的非勵磁相電流的函數(shù)解析式。利用有限元分析法計算電機(jī)處于正常狀態(tài)及不同偏心等級情況下非勵磁相電流，通過對比，提出一種以非勵磁相電流差值為特征量的氣隙偏心故障檢測方法。該法能夠?qū)崿F(xiàn)偏心故障發(fā)生、故障相定位及偏心類型辨別的綜合檢測。 最后，通過對SRM基本電路方程的推導(dǎo)，得出電機(jī)同相兩定子極繞組的電流差值與氣隙長度的函數(shù)關(guān)系式，利用有限元分析法計算出電機(jī)正常狀態(tài)及不同偏心等級情況下繞組電流差值，并將不同勵磁模式下繞組電流差值轉(zhuǎn)化為矩陣表達(dá)式。通過分析矩陣表達(dá)式各元素的對稱性，針對8/6極SRM提出一種以同相兩繞組電流差值為特征量的氣隙偏心故障檢測方法。該法能夠?qū)崿F(xiàn)偏心故障發(fā)生診斷、故障相定位、偏心方向判定及偏心類型辨別的綜合檢測。仿真與實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明，該法具有較高準(zhǔn)確性、可靠性及魯棒性，，并總結(jié)了上述兩種偏心故障檢測方案特點(diǎn)的對比。
[Abstract]:Switched reluctance motor (SRM) has high reliability because of its simple structure and independent interphase control. It has a certain fault tolerance ability compared with other motors. But its inherent fault tolerance is also limited. Long term failure of the motor will cause serious harm to the whole system. Therefore, the switch reluctance motor speed control system (SRD) failure The research of detection technology is of great significance in order to adopt appropriate fault tolerance strategy. This paper takes the research of SRD fault detection technology as the subject. Based on the current signal extraction technology, a new detection method is proposed for the three types of faults such as interturn short circuit fault, power converter fault and air gap eccentricity of motor stator winding.
First, this paper builds a model of SRM based on GA-BP algorithm. A neural network model is built with the input of phase current and rotor position angle as input, magnetic chain and torque output. The GA-BP hybrid algorithm is used to train the network. Compared with the traditional BP neural network model, the model has high accuracy and reliability. And it is based on M. In atlab/Simulink environment, an independent function modularized 8/6 polar SRM modeling method is proposed. The modules of motor body, power converter, speed control, current control, rotor position angle selection, torque calculation and parameter calculation are modular modeling, and each module is organically combined to build a SRD overall simulation model. The speed controller of the type is composed of PI regulator, and the current control module will use the control mode of angle position control (APC) and current chopper control (CCC), which effectively realizes the real time control of the motor.
Secondly, based on the electromagnetic analysis software Maxwell and the circuit analysis software Simplorer, the SRD simulation system is established, and the principle of the winding interturn short circuit fault is deeply analyzed. The simulation of two cases of the complete short circuit and the interturn short circuit of the one pole winding of the motor is carried out from the angle of the magnetic circuit and the field path. The simulation experiment results show that the short circuit fault of the winding is damaged by the electricity. On the basis of phase current spectrum analysis, the symmetric current of the SRM four phase is reconstructed based on the phase current spectrum analysis. The positive sequence and negative sequence components of the reconstructed current are calculated by the symmetric component method, and the ratio of the positive sequence component to the negative sequence component is used as the fault characteristic quantity. Simulation and experimental results show that the proposed method can effectively detect the inter turn short circuit fault of SRM stator windings.
In addition, based on the different performance of the DC bus current and phase current in the normal operation and fault operation of the motor, the fault features are extracted from the different performance of the phase current. And combined with the comprehensive analysis of the power element's off state, a kind of timely and accurate detection of the fault, the diagnosis of the fault phase, the fault type, and the integrated detection of the fault components are proposed. The simulation and experimental results prove the accuracy and reliability of the detection scheme when the motor is running at high speed and low speed.
At the same time, based on the derivation of the SRM circuit equation, the function analytical formula of the non excitation phase current is obtained with the air gap length as the variable. By using the finite element method, the non excitation phase current is calculated under the condition of normal state and different eccentricity grade. By contrast, a kind of gas gap eccentricity fault detection with the characteristic amount of the non excitation phase current difference is proposed. This method can realize the comprehensive detection of eccentricity failure, fault location and eccentricity type discrimination.
Finally, through the derivation of the basic circuit equation of SRM, a function relation between the current difference and the air gap length of the motor phase two stator winding is obtained. The current difference between the normal state of the motor and the different eccentricity grades is calculated by the finite element method, and the current difference of the winding current in different excitation modes is transformed into a matrix expression. By analyzing the symmetry of each element in matrix expression, a method of detecting air gap eccentricity fault detection is proposed for 8/6 pole SRM with the current difference of two winding current as the characteristic quantity. This method can realize the diagnosis of eccentricity fault occurrence, fault location, eccentricity direction determination and eccentricity type discrimination. The method has high accuracy, reliability and robustness, and summarizes the comparison of the above two eccentric fault detection schemes.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：河北工業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TM352

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本文編號：1835403