本文選題：空冷發(fā)電機(jī)組 + 凝結(jié)水精處理��； 參考：《武漢大學(xué)》2014年博士論文

【摘要】：空冷發(fā)電機(jī)組中常用的凝結(jié)水精處理濾料有顆粒樹脂、粉末樹脂和纖維粉。精處理設(shè)備主要功能是除去凝結(jié)水中雜質(zhì),以免雜質(zhì)進(jìn)入熱力系統(tǒng),導(dǎo)致水質(zhì)惡化。由于空冷機(jī)組凝結(jié)水溫度較高,為了提高精處理設(shè)備在高溫下的投運(yùn)率,保證產(chǎn)水水質(zhì),需要選用耐熱性較好的濾料。因此需要對濾料耐熱性進(jìn)行測試,研究濾料的最高耐熱溫度。 對于顆粒樹脂,根據(jù)國標(biāo)耐熱性研究方法,能夠篩選耐熱性好的樹脂,但不能確定樹脂的最高耐熱溫度。而國內(nèi)外有關(guān)陰樹脂耐熱性研究結(jié)果差別較大說明人們對樹脂受熱降解規(guī)律和影響因素認(rèn)識不足,無法根據(jù)某研究結(jié)論直接確定陰樹脂的耐熱溫度。對于粉末樹脂和纖維粉,目前尚無耐熱性試驗(yàn)方法。所以有必要探索適合的耐熱性試驗(yàn)方法,更準(zhǔn)確地測定濾料的耐熱溫度。 本文主要研究內(nèi)容如下： 第一,針對目前樹脂熱穩(wěn)定性研究中存在的問題,完善了各類樹脂熱穩(wěn)定性試驗(yàn)方法,特別研究了顆粒樹脂的受熱降解規(guī)律和影響因素。試驗(yàn)方法的設(shè)計(jì)結(jié)合了生產(chǎn)實(shí)際,針對不同的受熱對象,限定了試驗(yàn)條件中的受熱溫度、受熱時(shí)長、水料倍率。研究結(jié)果表明,粉末陰樹脂在其運(yùn)行周期內(nèi)能夠耐65℃-75℃的高溫凝結(jié)水,在役期間降解率不足達(dá)到報(bào)廢標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。對于顆粒陰樹脂,新樹脂使用溫度不宜超過60℃。零級反應(yīng)動力學(xué)可以較好地解釋顆粒陰樹脂強(qiáng)基交換容量的降解規(guī)律,表現(xiàn)為強(qiáng)基交換容量隨受熱時(shí)間呈線性關(guān)系下降。研究中發(fā)現(xiàn)試驗(yàn)條件的改變會影響新樹脂耐熱性,這些表觀影響因素如受熱歷史、水料倍率不利于準(zhǔn)確測定樹脂在實(shí)際運(yùn)行情況下的耐熱性。研究表明無受熱歷史的新樹脂熱穩(wěn)定性較差、水料倍率增加會顯著加快新樹脂的降解速率。 第二,首次在濾料耐熱性評價(jià)方法中增加了受熱溶出物的測定。這對于水質(zhì)指標(biāo)要求嚴(yán)格的高參數(shù)空冷發(fā)電機(jī)組有重要意義。針對不同受熱對象,規(guī)范了試驗(yàn)條件,初步建立了溶出物綜合評價(jià)體系,包括增加溶出物表征指標(biāo),研究濾料溶出物變化規(guī)律和影響因素,并結(jié)合現(xiàn)場試驗(yàn)研究溶出物。研究結(jié)果表明,新濾料中所含無機(jī)、有機(jī)雜質(zhì)較多,高溫會加速新濾料初期溶出物釋放速率,則不僅會影響產(chǎn)水水質(zhì),還會影響樹脂的離子交換效果,需要注重新預(yù)先清洗濾料內(nèi)部潛在溶出物,溶出量隨清洗時(shí)間呈指數(shù)關(guān)系遞減。水料倍率是影響溶出速率的主要因素,增大水料倍率可以加快雜質(zhì)釋放速率。結(jié)合試驗(yàn)室和現(xiàn)場試驗(yàn)可以分析溶出物量對產(chǎn)水水質(zhì)的影響,其中根據(jù)溶出量隨水料倍率的變化規(guī)律可以推算實(shí)際水料倍率下溶出物對水質(zhì)的影響程度；通過現(xiàn)場水質(zhì)指標(biāo)的監(jiān)督可更直觀準(zhǔn)確地判斷雜質(zhì)的釋放量與遷移變化規(guī)律。 第三,首次綜合研究了影響樹脂耐熱性的外因和內(nèi)因。從影響樹脂耐熱性和溶出物釋放速率的表觀影響因素“水料倍率”,深入分析后得出低聚物是外在直接影響因素,而交聯(lián)度則是反映不同樹脂耐熱性差別的內(nèi)在因素。研究表明,只經(jīng)常規(guī)預(yù)處理后的新陰樹脂不宜直接用于高溫水中,所含殘留低聚物的溶出會誘導(dǎo)樹脂骨架斷鏈分解,增加溶出有機(jī)物,并伴隨交換容量的損失,在超過60℃時(shí)必須退出運(yùn)行；而充分浸洗處理后的陰樹脂,根據(jù)電廠凝結(jié)水溫?cái)?shù)據(jù)計(jì)算年降解率累計(jì)不到4.6%,在60℃～80℃的高溫下不必退出運(yùn)行。交聯(lián)度是影響樹脂結(jié)構(gòu)的穩(wěn)定性進(jìn)而影響耐熱性的內(nèi)在因素,樹脂含水率、轉(zhuǎn)型膨脹率、樹脂脫胺溫度均可反映交聯(lián)度大小,通過這些指標(biāo)可以快速地定性分析樹脂的結(jié)構(gòu)穩(wěn)定性,交聯(lián)度越高的樹脂結(jié)構(gòu)越穩(wěn)定,并具有低受熱降解速率和低溶出物特性。 論文的研究成果,完整系統(tǒng)地揭示了高溫下精處理濾料受熱降解和受熱溶出物變化規(guī)律,為空冷發(fā)電機(jī)組精處理濾料的篩選和運(yùn)行方案改進(jìn)提供了理論指導(dǎo)和工程建議。
[Abstract]:The main function of the precision treatment equipment is to remove the impurities in the condensate water, so as to avoid impurities entering the thermal system and cause the deterioration of the water quality. As the condensate temperature of the air cooling unit is high, the operation rate of the finishing equipment at high temperature is improved. The water quality of producing water needs to be selected with good heat resistance. Therefore, the heat resistance of the filter material should be tested and the highest heat resistance temperature of the filter material should be studied.
For the particle resin, according to the national standard heat resistance research method, the resin can be screened with good heat resistance, but the highest heat resistance temperature of the resin can not be determined. However, the difference in the heat resistance of the resin at home and abroad is very different indicating that the heat degradation law and the influence factors of the resin are not enough to be identified and can not be directly determined according to the conclusion of a certain research. There is no heat resistance test method for powder resin and fiber powder, so it is necessary to explore the suitable heat resistance test method and more accurately determine the heat resistance temperature of the filter material.
The main contents of this paper are as follows:
First, in view of the existing problems in the research of the thermal stability of resin, the thermal stability test methods of various kinds of resins are perfected, especially the thermal degradation law and influence factors of the granular resin. The design of the test method is combined with the production practice. For different heating objects, the heating temperature of the test conditions is limited, the heat time is long, and the water is heated. The results show that the powder anion resin can withstand the high temperature condensate at 65 -75 C during its operation period, and the degradation rate is not enough to reach the scrap standard during the service period. For the granular anion resin, the use temperature of the new resin should not exceed 60 degrees C. The zero order reaction kinetics can explain the degradation gauge of the strong base exchange capacity of the granular anion resin. Law, which shows a linear relationship between the strong base exchange capacity and the heating time. It is found that the change of the test conditions will affect the heat resistance of the new resin. These apparent factors such as the heat history, the water ratio is not conducive to the accurate determination of the heat resistance of the resin in the actual operation. The increase of water and material ratio will significantly accelerate the degradation rate of new resins.
Second, for the first time, the determination of heat soluble substances is added to the method of evaluating the heat resistance of the filter material. It is of great significance to the high parameter air cooled generator set with strict water quality requirements. According to the different heating objects, the test conditions are standardized, and the comprehensive evaluation system of the dissolved material is established, including the increase of the characterization index of the dissolved material and the study of the filter solution. The results show that the inorganic and organic impurities in the new filter material are more, and the high temperature will accelerate the release rate of the initial dissolved material in the new filter material, which will not only affect the water quality of the new material, but also affect the exchange effect of the resin. The dissolution rate decreases exponentially with the cleaning time. The water ratio is the main factor affecting the dissolution rate. Increasing the ratio of water material can accelerate the release rate of impurities. The effect of the amount of dissolved material on the water quality can be analyzed by the test room and field test. The effect of the dissolved substance on the water quality under the actual water ratio, and the regulation of the release and migration of the impurity can be judged more intuitively and accurately by the supervision of the water quality index.
Third, for the first time, the external and internal factors affecting the heat resistance of the resin are synthetically studied. From the apparent influence factor "water material multiplying", which affects the heat resistance of the resin and the release rate of the dissolved substance, it is concluded that the oligomer is an external direct influence factor, and the degree of crosslinking is an intrinsic factor reflecting the difference of heat resistance of different tree fat. The new anion resin after regular pre treatment should not be directly used in high temperature water. The dissolution of the residual oligomer will induce the broken chain decomposition of the resin skeleton and increase the dissolved organic matter, and with the loss of exchange capacity, it must be withdrawn at more than 60 degrees C, and the anion resin after full immersion treatment is calculated according to the condensate temperature data of the power plant. The accumulative degradation rate is less than 4.6%. The degree of crosslinking is the intrinsic factor affecting the stability of the resin structure and then the heat resistance. The resin moisture content, the transformation expansion rate and the resin deamination temperature can reflect the crosslinking degree, and the structural stability of the resin can be quickly and qualitatively analyzed by these indexes. The higher the degree of cross-linking, the more stable the resin structure, and the low thermal degradation rate and low dissolution characteristics.
The research results of the paper systematically reveal the regularity of the thermal degradation and the change of the heat soluble material at high temperature, and provide theoretical guidance and engineering suggestions for the filtration of the precision treatment filter and the improvement of the operation scheme for the air cooled generator.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：武漢大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TM621.8

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