本文選題：分布式發(fā)電 + 方向保護��； 參考：《東南大學》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：隨著化石能源危機以及環(huán)境問題日益嚴重,分布式發(fā)電(DG)技術越來越受到人們的重視。分布式發(fā)電以其靈活、經(jīng)濟、可靠等優(yōu)點,使其接入配電網(wǎng)成為不可避免的趨勢和發(fā)展方向。但分布式發(fā)電的應用改變了傳統(tǒng)配電網(wǎng)的拓撲結構,從單電源的輻射結構改變?yōu)槎嚯娫吹膹碗s網(wǎng)絡,改變了系統(tǒng)故障電流的大小,潮流的流向,某些線路甚至出現(xiàn)了潮流雙向流動的現(xiàn)象。根據(jù)IEEE1547規(guī)定,配電網(wǎng)發(fā)生故障后必須立即切除DG,恢復配電網(wǎng)絡原有的輻射狀結構并以三段式電流保護動作切除故障。這即損害了DG發(fā)電商和DG用戶的利益,又在一定程度上限制了新能源發(fā)電產(chǎn)業(yè)的發(fā)展,這也從另一方面凸顯出當下研究含DG配電網(wǎng)保護方案的必要性。本文從DG對配電網(wǎng)保護影響著手,分析了含DG配電網(wǎng)方向保護的研究現(xiàn)狀,并指出其不足及待改進的地方。在此基礎上,從保護策略層面出發(fā),提出一種“充分式”保護策略,其基本思想是基于配電網(wǎng)現(xiàn)有的條件,充分利用不完整的網(wǎng)絡信息,挖掘適用于含DG配電網(wǎng)的充分式故障定位和隔離方案,不要求該策略能夠解決配電網(wǎng)所有的問題,但是必須能夠解決大部分甚至絕大部分的問題。相比于傳統(tǒng)的保護策略,該保護策略更適用于目前的配電網(wǎng)環(huán)境。依據(jù)“充分式”保護思想,從配電網(wǎng)絡整體出發(fā),深入研究含DG配電網(wǎng)的故障電流特點。針對配電網(wǎng)中的不對稱故障采用基于負序電流幅值、相位的故障方向判據(jù),針對配電網(wǎng)中的對稱故障采用基于正序故障電流幅值、相位的故障方向判據(jù),并提出相應的故障區(qū)域判定方案。然后,在已確定的故障區(qū)域內(nèi),以負荷電流相位為基準,通過對比線路兩端故障后的電流相位來準確定位故障區(qū)間。通過該方案不僅能夠?qū)崿F(xiàn)對故障區(qū)間的準確定位,還在一定程度上減少了配電網(wǎng)的通信量。最后,總結出基于“充分式”方向保護的配電網(wǎng)保護方案,并詳細分析了其結構和流程。在Matlab/Simulink平臺上建立含DG配電網(wǎng)模型,對其進行動態(tài)仿真。結合理論分析和仿真,結論表明該方案在配電網(wǎng)的不同故障類型下均有較強的適應性,能夠迅速、準確地切除配電網(wǎng)故障。
[Abstract]:With the crisis of fossil energy and the increasingly serious environmental problems, distributed power generation (DG) technology has been paid more and more attention. Because of its advantages of flexibility, economy and reliability, distributed generation has become an inevitable trend and development direction. However, the application of distributed generation has changed the topology of traditional distribution network, from the radiation structure of single power source to the complex network of multiple power sources, and changed the magnitude of system fault current and the flow direction of power flow. Some lines even appear the phenomenon of two-way flow of tidal current. According to IEEE1547, the distribution network must be excised immediately after failure, the original radiation structure of distribution network should be restored and the fault should be removed by three-segment current protection. This not only damages the interests of DG generators and DG users, but also restricts the development of new energy generation industry to a certain extent, which also highlights the necessity of current research on DG distribution network protection scheme. Based on the influence of DG on distribution network protection, this paper analyzes the present situation of direction protection with DG distribution network, and points out its deficiency and the place to be improved. On this basis, from the level of protection strategy, a "sufficient" protection strategy is put forward. Its basic idea is to make full use of incomplete network information based on the existing conditions of distribution network. Mining is suitable for adequate fault location and isolation scheme with DG distribution network. It is not required that the strategy can solve all the problems of distribution network, but it must be able to solve most or most of the problems. Compared with the traditional protection strategy, this protection strategy is more suitable for the current distribution network environment. According to the idea of "adequate" protection, the characteristics of fault current in distribution network containing DG are studied in detail from the whole distribution network. The fault direction criterion based on negative sequence current amplitude and phase is used for asymmetric fault in distribution network, and the fault direction criterion based on positive sequence fault current amplitude and phase is used for symmetrical fault in distribution network. At the same time, the corresponding fault zone decision scheme is put forward. Then, in the determined fault area, the load current phase is taken as the reference, and the fault interval is accurately located by comparing the current phase after the fault at both ends of the line. This scheme can not only realize the accurate location of fault zone, but also reduce the traffic of distribution network to a certain extent. Finally, the scheme of distribution network protection based on "adequate" directional protection is summarized, and its structure and flow are analyzed in detail. The model of distribution network with DG is established on Matlab/Simulink platform, and its dynamic simulation is carried out. Combined with theoretical analysis and simulation, the conclusion shows that the scheme has a strong adaptability to different fault types of distribution network, and can quickly and accurately remove the distribution network faults.
【學位授予單位】：東南大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：TM77

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