本文選題：輸電線路 + 故障測(cè)距��； 參考：《哈爾濱工業(yè)大學(xué)》2014年博士論文

【摘要】：行波測(cè)距技術(shù)是確定電力線路故障位置的重要手段。實(shí)際應(yīng)用中的行波測(cè)距裝置或方法,尚存在自動(dòng)化程度低、時(shí)問同步和通信要求高、數(shù)據(jù)采信影響結(jié)果可靠性等問題。本文針對(duì)實(shí)測(cè)環(huán)境,對(duì)故障錄波數(shù)據(jù)篩選、行波波頭標(biāo)定、測(cè)距算法、歷史案例復(fù)用、裝置優(yōu)化布點(diǎn)等關(guān)鍵技術(shù)問題展開深入研究,以期達(dá)到提高實(shí)測(cè)數(shù)據(jù)采信度并進(jìn)一步提升輸電線路行波故障測(cè)距效果的目的。 針對(duì)多通道電流行波錄波數(shù)據(jù)中難以篩選出有效故障錄波的問題,提出了帶條件約束的半監(jiān)督聚類篩選方法。通過(guò)構(gòu)造廣義電流模量降維并提取特征,考慮相鄰樣本的時(shí)間鄰域約束和少量已知類別歷史樣本的提示作用進(jìn)行聚類。實(shí)際變電站故障錄波數(shù)據(jù)測(cè)試表明該方法具有較高的正確檢出率。 針對(duì)實(shí)測(cè)行波波頭自動(dòng)標(biāo)定可靠性不高的問題,提出了基于Hough變換直線檢測(cè)的波頭標(biāo)定方法。通過(guò)分析故障電流行波傳播規(guī)律、通道選取方式和實(shí)測(cè)波形圖像特征,利用Hough變換于合理視窗內(nèi)檢測(cè)直線,根據(jù)幅值、斜率特征排除對(duì)側(cè)母線和本側(cè)健全線反射波的干擾。方法具有抗噪能力強(qiáng)、對(duì)波形局部缺損不敏感等特點(diǎn)。 針對(duì)當(dāng)前單、雙端測(cè)距存在的主要技術(shù)局限,提出了不同應(yīng)用條件下的三種測(cè)距算法。在故障線兩側(cè)母線間存在健全通路的條件下,提出利用故障線和健全線主導(dǎo)波頭時(shí)差信息的單端測(cè)距,無(wú)需對(duì)端通訊和時(shí)鐘同步,波頭易標(biāo)定,近端故障無(wú)死區(qū)。對(duì)鏈?zhǔn)酵負(fù)浣Y(jié)構(gòu),分析了下級(jí)線路故障時(shí)本級(jí)線路單端測(cè)距直接延拓的條件,對(duì)不滿足直接延拓條件的,提出利用兩個(gè)時(shí)窗內(nèi)關(guān)聯(lián)波頭到達(dá)時(shí)刻信息構(gòu)造算法實(shí)現(xiàn)單端測(cè)距的間接延拓,拓寬了單端測(cè)距的范圍。對(duì)雙端測(cè)距,利用兩側(cè)行波到達(dá)時(shí)序配對(duì)關(guān)系構(gòu)造強(qiáng)弱故障模態(tài)的判據(jù),進(jìn)而分別提出兩種模態(tài)下的雙端協(xié)同測(cè)距方法,能夠規(guī)避雙側(cè)時(shí)鐘失步和單端波頭誤標(biāo)所致的誤測(cè)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。 為了提升測(cè)距計(jì)算結(jié)果與工程呼稱值的吻合度,提出了一種可跨庫(kù)或跨平臺(tái)復(fù)用歷史案例的智能測(cè)距方法。故障具有偶發(fā)性和一定程度的復(fù)發(fā)性,利用當(dāng)前故障與少量寶貴歷史案例的相似性合理復(fù)用算法參數(shù)或結(jié)果應(yīng)利于測(cè)距效果的改善。據(jù)此思路,通過(guò)構(gòu)建故障特征,測(cè)距參數(shù),測(cè)距結(jié)論三元組形式的案例庫(kù),利用歸一化波形的首波峰占比、近似熵、Hu氏不變矩特征匹配案例庫(kù)的波頭標(biāo)定參數(shù)并判別故障復(fù)發(fā)性。對(duì)復(fù)發(fā)性故障直接復(fù)用歷史結(jié)論,對(duì)高度相似的非復(fù)發(fā)故障,復(fù)用工況最匹配案例的距離折算系數(shù),有助于縮小線路故障排查范圍。 為了提升測(cè)距系統(tǒng)在電網(wǎng)不同發(fā)展階段的適應(yīng)性,構(gòu)建了電流行波測(cè)距裝置的優(yōu)化布點(diǎn)策略。在數(shù)學(xué)化描述電網(wǎng)故障電流行波可測(cè)性的基礎(chǔ)上,建立計(jì)及既有配置狀態(tài)和可測(cè)性約束的行波測(cè)距裝置拓展布點(diǎn)規(guī)劃模型,進(jìn)而基于模型的最優(yōu)靜態(tài)解,以每退出一套裝置導(dǎo)致減少的可測(cè)線長(zhǎng)最小為依據(jù),確定動(dòng)態(tài)裝設(shè)順序,從而兼顧測(cè)距系統(tǒng)的經(jīng)濟(jì)性和覆蓋范圍。
[Abstract]:Traveling wave distance measurement is an important means to determine the fault location of power lines. There are still some problems in the practical application of traveling wave distance measuring device or method, such as low degree of automation, high demand for synchronization and communication, and reliability of data acquisition, and so on. In order to improve the reliability of measured data and further improve the effect of fault location of transmission line traveling wave fault, the key technical problems, such as historical case reuse, device optimization, and other key technical problems are studied.
In view of the problem that it is difficult to screen out effective fault recording in the data of multi channel current traveling wave recording, a semi supervised clustering method with conditional constraints is proposed. By constructing the generalized current modulus to reduce the dimension and extracting the features, the clustering of the neighborhood constraints of adjacent samples and the hint of a small number of known class history samples is taken into consideration. The test of substation fault recording data shows that the method has a high correct detection rate.
In view of the problem that the reliability of the measured wave head automatic calibration is not high, a wave head calibration method based on the Hough transformation line detection is proposed. By analyzing the propagation law of the traveling wave, the way of the channel selection and the characteristics of the measured waveform, Hough is used to detect the straight line in a reasonable window, and the side mother is excluded according to the amplitude and the slope characteristic. The method has the characteristics of strong anti noise ability and insensitive to the local defect of the waveform.
In view of the main technical limitations of current single and double end range finding, three ranging algorithms under different application conditions are proposed. Under the condition of sound paths between two bus lines on both sides of the fault line, a single end range finding using fault lines and a sound leading wave head time difference information is proposed, without the need for the end communication and clock synchronization, the wave head easy to calibrate, and the near end. For the chain topology, the condition of direct extension of the single terminal distance measurement at the level of the lower level line is analyzed. The indirect extension of the single end distance measurement is realized by using the information construction algorithm of the arrival time of the associated wave head in two windows. The range of the single end range finding is widened. The criterion of strong and weak fault mode is constructed by the arrival time sequence pairing relationship between two traveling waves, and then the two terminal cooperative ranging method under two modes is proposed respectively, which can avoid the risk of mismeasurement caused by bilateral clock loss and single end wave head error.
In order to improve the agreement between the results of distance measurement and the call value of the engineering, an intelligent distance measurement method which can reuse history cases across the library or cross platform is proposed. The fault has the occasional and a certain degree of recurrence, and the reasonable reuse of the algorithm parameters or results using the similarity of the current fault and a small number of valuable historical cases should be beneficial to the distance measurement. According to this idea, a case base of three tuples in the form of fault features, ranging parameters and ranging conclusions is constructed, using the first wave peak occupation ratio of the normalized waveform, the approximate entropy, the Hu moment invariant feature matching the wave head of the case library to calibrate the parameters and distinguish the fault recurrence. Failure, the conversion coefficient of the best matching case is helpful to reduce the scope of line fault detection.
In order to improve the adaptability of the distance measuring system at different stages of the development of the power grid, the optimization layout strategy of the current traveling wave distance measuring device is constructed. On the basis of the mathematical description of the detteability of the fault current of the power grid, a traveling wave ranging layout model is built up with the existing configuration state and measurability constraints, and then the model is based on the model. The optimal static solution is based on the minimum length of the measurable line that is reduced by each set of devices, and the order of dynamic loading is determined, so that the economy and coverage of the distance measuring system are taken into account.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：哈爾濱工業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：TM75

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