本文選題：燃料電池催化劑 + 三翼結(jié)構(gòu)��； 參考：《哈爾濱工業(yè)大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：能源是人類社會(huì)賴以生存和發(fā)展的重要的物質(zhì)基礎(chǔ)。當(dāng)前，人們?nèi)粘Ｉ�、工業(yè)生產(chǎn)所需要的能源主要來自于煤、石油、天然氣等傳統(tǒng)不可再生化石能源。但其不可再生且地球儲(chǔ)存量有限，同時(shí)傳統(tǒng)熱機(jī)在實(shí)現(xiàn)化學(xué)能向熱能、電能等能量轉(zhuǎn)化的時(shí)候受到卡諾循環(huán)的限制，因此對(duì)于能源的利用率比較低，并且對(duì)環(huán)境污染嚴(yán)重。燃料電池技術(shù)因其低污染、高效率、用途廣、燃料來源廣泛等優(yōu)點(diǎn)在尋求用于替代傳統(tǒng)化石燃料的新技術(shù)過程中，日益得到關(guān)注。 目前用于燃料電池使用的催化劑是商用的鉑催化劑，但是鉑催化劑存在主要問題：（1）貴金屬鉑的使用價(jià)格昂貴且資源稀缺，導(dǎo)致了燃料電池的制作成本很高，因此需要進(jìn)一步的降低鉑的含量，同時(shí)提高催化劑的活性；（2）一些中間產(chǎn)物如CO會(huì)在甲醇過程中吸附在催化劑表面影響催化性能，需通過調(diào)控催化劑的形貌結(jié)構(gòu)和種類，從而提高催化劑的性能和性能的穩(wěn)定性；（3）開發(fā)尋求合理的制備催化劑的合成方法，使其成本低廉、工藝簡單并且容易控制的催化劑。以上三個(gè)問題成為制約燃料電池商業(yè)化進(jìn)程的重要因素。 本論文針對(duì)以上的三個(gè)問題，通過犧牲模板原位還原的方法制備了鉑含量低、結(jié)構(gòu)特殊且穩(wěn)定的具有高催化性能的碲鉑鈀催化劑。同時(shí)通過調(diào)控其組分含量和形貌結(jié)構(gòu)在降低鉑的含量的同時(shí)，提高催化劑的催化性能和穩(wěn)定性，并且探討了催化劑材料的應(yīng)用前景。主要內(nèi)容如下： （1）首先利用水熱合成法合成了一維的具有三翼特殊結(jié)構(gòu)和長條結(jié)構(gòu)的還原性材料碲，將其作為犧牲模板和還原劑，用原位還原的方法在保證原模板形貌和結(jié)構(gòu)的同時(shí)，，合成了具有三翼結(jié)構(gòu)和長條結(jié)構(gòu)的碲鉑鈀三組分催化劑。 （2）探討了不同組分（二元組分Te53Pt47和三元組分Te62Pt11Pd27）三翼結(jié)構(gòu)的催化劑以及不同比例元素含量的Te53Pt10Pd33、Te62Pt11Pd27以及Te62Pt20Pd18三翼結(jié)構(gòu)材料對(duì)于燃料電池催化劑的催化性能以及穩(wěn)定性能的不同影響。通過電化學(xué)性能測(cè)試，發(fā)現(xiàn)合成的三組分Te62Pt11Pd27催化劑的催化性能優(yōu)異，其活性表面積是商用的鉑碳的1.5倍，同時(shí)對(duì)于甲醇的催化氧化也展示了很好的催化性能。 （3）在制備這樣具有特殊結(jié)構(gòu)催化劑的過程中，通過調(diào)控催化劑中的形貌結(jié)構(gòu)，即長條結(jié)構(gòu)和三翼結(jié)構(gòu)的碲鉑鈀催化劑，對(duì)于電化學(xué)特性和甲醇氧化（MOR）催化性能和穩(wěn)定性的影響。發(fā)現(xiàn)具有相同成分的不同結(jié)構(gòu)，其催化活性也有一定的差異。三翼結(jié)構(gòu)的碲鉑鈀相對(duì)于長條結(jié)構(gòu)具有更優(yōu)的催化性能。
[Abstract]:Energy is an important material basis for the survival and development of human society. At present, people's daily life, industrial production needs energy mainly from coal, oil, natural gas and other traditional non-renewable fossil energy. But it is non-renewable and the storage of the earth is limited. At the same time, the traditional heat engine is restricted by the Carnot cycle when realizing the energy conversion from chemical energy to heat energy and electric energy. Therefore, the utilization rate of energy is relatively low and the pollution to the environment is serious. Because of its advantages of low pollution, high efficiency, wide application and wide range of fuel sources, fuel cell technology has attracted more and more attention in the process of seeking new technologies to replace traditional fossil fuels. At present, the catalysts used in fuel cells are commercial platinum catalysts, but there is a major problem with platinum catalysts. (the expensive use of precious metal platinum and the scarcity of resources lead to the high cost of manufacturing fuel cells. Therefore, it is necessary to further reduce the content of platinum and increase the activity of the catalyst.) some intermediate products such as CO adsorbed on the surface of the catalyst in the methanol process will affect the catalytic performance by regulating the morphology, structure and type of the catalyst. In order to improve the performance and stability of the catalyst, we can develop a reasonable synthesis method to make the catalyst cheap, simple and easy to control. The above three problems have become an important factor restricting the commercialization of fuel cells. In order to solve the above three problems, the platinum catalyst with low platinum content, special structure and high catalytic performance was prepared by sacrificial template in situ reduction. At the same time, the catalytic performance and stability of the catalyst were improved by adjusting the composition and morphology of the catalyst, and the application prospect of the catalyst material was also discussed. The main contents are as follows: Firstly, one dimensional reductive material tellurium with three-wing special structure and long strip structure was synthesized by hydrothermal synthesis method, which was used as sacrificial template and reductant. The original template morphology and structure were guaranteed by in-situ reduction method. Three component catalysts of platinum and palladium tellurium with three wing structure and long strip structure were synthesized. The effects of different components (binary component Te53Pt47 and ternary component Te62Pt11Pd27) on the catalytic performance and stability of fuel cell catalysts were investigated. The electrochemical performance test showed that the synthesized Te62Pt11Pd27 catalyst had excellent catalytic performance, and its active surface area was 1.5 times that of commercial platinum carbon. At the same time, it also showed good catalytic performance for the catalytic oxidation of methanol. During the preparation of the catalyst with such a special structure, the effect of the morphology of the catalyst, that is, the strip structure and the three-wing structure, on the electrochemical characteristics and the catalytic performance and stability of methanol oxidation mor is regulated. It was found that the catalytic activity of different structures with the same composition was also different. The catalytic performance of three-wing platinum-palladium tellurium is better than that of long strip structure.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：哈爾濱工業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：O643.36;TM911.4

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