本文選題：電站鍋爐 + 高溫受熱面��； 參考：《華北電力大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：隨著社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)的飛速發(fā)展,電力需求日益增大,為滿足電力供應(yīng),火力發(fā)電機(jī)組也越來越向著大容量、高參數(shù)、低污染環(huán)保型方向發(fā)展。然而,大型電站鍋爐高溫受熱面的超溫爆管事故時(shí)有發(fā)生。過熱器是鍋爐承壓部件中工作溫度最高的受熱面,管內(nèi)流過的是高溫高壓蒸汽,其傳熱性能較差,而管外又是高溫?zé)煔?所處環(huán)境惡劣,發(fā)生事故的比例非常大。大型電站鍋爐蒸汽參數(shù)高,一旦發(fā)生超溫爆管事故,不僅會(huì)損失大量的工質(zhì)和燃料,降低機(jī)組的經(jīng)濟(jì)性,而且還會(huì)影響到機(jī)組的安全性,甚至?xí)䴖_擊電網(wǎng)的穩(wěn)定性。鑒于上述原因,關(guān)于大型電站鍋爐高溫受熱面熱偏差的成因及熱偏差、壁溫計(jì)算方法的研究就具有非常重要的實(shí)際意義。 針對(duì)此問題,本文首先對(duì)鍋爐高溫受熱面熱偏差理論進(jìn)行了詳細(xì)的介紹與分析,從蒸汽側(cè)流量偏差、煙氣側(cè)吸熱偏差以及同屏熱偏差三個(gè)方面展開討論。然后以某大型電站600MW超臨界鍋爐為研究對(duì)象,通過FLUENT數(shù)值模擬軟件,選取最大負(fù)荷工況,對(duì)整個(gè)爐膛進(jìn)行了燃燒數(shù)值模擬計(jì)算對(duì)爐膛燃燒進(jìn)行了數(shù)值模擬,求解得出了爐內(nèi)煙氣溫度和速度的分布,并在此基礎(chǔ)上,進(jìn)行了屏式過熱器的壁溫計(jì)算。在總結(jié)原有壁溫計(jì)算方法的基礎(chǔ)上,探討了改進(jìn)的壁溫計(jì)算方法,并針對(duì)該鍋爐建立了合適的壁溫計(jì)算模型,將屏式過熱器管子劃分為若干小單元,逐個(gè)計(jì)算每個(gè)單元管段的換熱量,并最終求得每個(gè)管段的壁溫,對(duì)比計(jì)算結(jié)果,得出管壁溫度的分布情況,找出管壁溫度最高的危險(xiǎn)點(diǎn)并分析原因。對(duì)于該鍋爐進(jìn)行低氮燃燒改造方案的選擇具有重要的參考價(jià)值,并對(duì)過熱器系統(tǒng)受熱面的優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì),事故分析具有一定的指導(dǎo)意義。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of social economy, the demand for electricity is increasing day by day. In order to meet the demand of power supply, thermal power generating sets are developing towards the direction of large capacity, high parameter and low pollution.However, the overtemperature tube burst accident of the high temperature heating surface of large power station boiler occurs from time to time.Superheater is the heating surface with the highest working temperature in the pressure-bearing parts of the boiler. The high temperature and high pressure steam flows through the tube, its heat transfer performance is poor, and the high temperature flue gas is outside the tube, so the environment is bad and the proportion of accidents is very large.Because of the high steam parameters of large power plant boiler, once the overtemperature tube burst accident occurs, it will not only lose a large amount of working fluid and fuel, reduce the unit's economy, but also affect the safety of the unit and even impact the stability of the power grid.In view of the above reasons, the study of the calculation method of wall temperature is of great practical significance for the cause of the heat deviation of the high temperature heating surface and the thermal deviation of the high temperature heating surface of the large power station boiler.In order to solve this problem, this paper first introduces and analyzes the theory of heat deviation of boiler's high temperature heating surface in detail, and discusses it from three aspects: steam side flow deviation, flue gas side endothermic deviation and same screen heat deviation.Then taking the 600MW supercritical boiler of a large power station as the research object, the combustion numerical simulation calculation of the whole furnace is carried out through the FLUENT numerical simulation software and the maximum load condition is selected, and the combustion of the furnace is numerically simulated.The distribution of flue gas temperature and velocity in the furnace is obtained, and the wall temperature of the screen superheater is calculated.On the basis of summing up the original wall temperature calculation method, the improved wall temperature calculation method is discussed, and an appropriate wall temperature calculation model is established for the boiler. The tube of the screen superheater is divided into several small units.The heat transfer of each unit pipe section is calculated one by one, and the wall temperature of each section is finally obtained. The distribution of pipe wall temperature is obtained, and the highest dangerous point of pipe wall temperature is found out and the reason is analyzed.It has important reference value for the selection of low nitrogen combustion retrofit scheme for the boiler, and has certain guiding significance for the optimization design of heating surface of superheater system and accident analysis.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華北電力大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：TM621.2

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