本文選題：電動汽車　切入點：車輛入網技術　出處：《湖南大學》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：在能源緊缺和環(huán)境污染的雙重壓力下，電動汽車已成為新能源汽車的主要發(fā)展方向。電動汽車規(guī)模的不斷擴大，給電網的安全穩(wěn)定運行帶來了新的挑戰(zhàn)和機遇。電動汽車接入電網，既可作為可控負荷，同時也可作為分布式儲能單元。通過合理的控制，電動汽車可有效協(xié)助電網穩(wěn)定運行。因此，在充分考慮電動汽車充電負荷特性的基礎上，探討電動汽車參與電網輔助服務的相關策略，可以提高電網的穩(wěn)定運行水平及接納新能源的能力，具有重要的理論意義和應用價值。 電動汽車快速響應頻率變化的特性，可以使其很好地契合了電網頻率調整的需求。如何利用電動汽車充電負荷的特性來抑制電網的頻率波動，提高電網運行的穩(wěn)定性，成為新的研究熱點。以此為出發(fā)點，本文展開了以下的研究： 基于分散式的V2G模式，提出了大量且分散分布的電動汽車充電負荷參與電網智能頻率響應的協(xié)調控制策略。利用電動汽車充電負荷的可控性及時間可平移性，當電網頻率偏差超過一定值時，其可快速作出響應。依據電網的頻率偏差程度，分級響應電網頻率，合理調整和控制電動汽車的充/放電功率，實現(xiàn)電動汽車與電網的友好互動。所提協(xié)調控制策略采用異步、主動響應的方式，不同的電動汽車充電負荷在不同的時間節(jié)點進行響應。應用電力系統(tǒng)分析工具（PSAT，PowerSystem Analysis Toolbox），分別對電力系統(tǒng)在不同擾動情況下的頻率變化情況進行了仿真分析，結果驗證了所提方法的有效性。 基于集中式的V2G模式，將電動汽車作為一種調頻資源參與電網AGC為研究對象，充分考慮大規(guī)模電動汽車充電站/儲能站調整速度快、瞬間釋放功率大的特點，探討了大規(guī)模電動汽車充電站、儲能站與普通調頻電源協(xié)調參與電網AGC的控制策略。依據電網的不同運行狀態(tài)，設置不同的響應優(yōu)先級，采用不同的控制策略，實現(xiàn)電動汽車、儲能站與普通調頻電源之間的協(xié)調配合，且充分發(fā)揮了電動汽車和儲能站的優(yōu)勢。為驗證所提控制策略的有效性，利用MATLAB/Simulink對大規(guī)模電動汽車、儲能站參與AGC的兩區(qū)域互聯(lián)電網的頻率控制與調節(jié)進行了動態(tài)仿真。 本文圍繞電動汽車參與電網的頻率控制展開了相關的研究，分別提出了分散式和集中式電動汽車參與電網調頻的相關控制策略，所做工作可以為今后電動汽車的大規(guī)模入網及其有效協(xié)助電網的安全穩(wěn)定運行提供了參考和借鑒。
[Abstract]:Under the dual pressure of energy shortage and environmental pollution, electric vehicles have become the main development direction of new energy vehicles.The continuous expansion of electric vehicle scale brings new challenges and opportunities to the safe and stable operation of power grid.Electric vehicle can be used as both controllable load and distributed energy storage unit.Through reasonable control, the electric vehicle can effectively assist the power grid to run stably.Therefore, on the basis of fully considering the charging load characteristics of electric vehicles, this paper discusses the relevant strategies for electric vehicles to participate in the auxiliary services of the power grid, which can improve the stable operation level of the power grid and the ability to accept new energy sources.It has important theoretical significance and application value.The characteristics of fast response to frequency change of electric vehicle make it fit well with the demand of power system frequency adjustment.How to use the characteristics of electric vehicle charging load to restrain the frequency fluctuation of electric network and improve the stability of power grid has become a new research hotspot.With this as the starting point, the following research has been carried out in this paper:Based on the distributed V2G mode, a coordinated control strategy is proposed in which a large number of distributed charging loads of electric vehicles participate in the smart frequency response of the power grid.By using the controllability of charging load and time translation of electric vehicle, it can respond quickly when the frequency deviation of electric vehicle exceeds a certain value.According to the frequency deviation degree of the electric network, the electric vehicle can adjust and control the charge / discharge power reasonably, and realize the friendly interaction between the electric vehicle and the power grid.The proposed coordinated control strategy uses asynchronous and active response, and different charging loads of electric vehicles respond at different time nodes.The power system Analysis toolbox is used to simulate the frequency variation of power system under different disturbances. The results show that the proposed method is effective.Based on the centralized V2G mode, the electric vehicle (EV) is considered as a kind of FM resource to participate in the AGC of power grid. The characteristics of large scale EV charging station / energy storage station are fully considered, such as fast adjustment speed and high instantaneous power release.This paper discusses the control strategy of large scale electric vehicle charging station, energy storage station and ordinary frequency modulation power supply.According to the different operation state of power network, setting different response priority and adopting different control strategy, the coordination between electric vehicle, energy storage station and ordinary FM power supply is realized, and the advantages of electric vehicle and energy storage station are brought into full play.In order to verify the effectiveness of the proposed control strategy, the frequency control and regulation of large-scale electric vehicles and energy storage stations participating in AGC are simulated dynamically by using MATLAB/Simulink.In this paper, the related research on the frequency control of electric vehicles participating in power grid is carried out, and the relevant control strategies of distributed and centralized electric vehicles participating in power grid frequency modulation are put forward respectively.The work can provide a reference for the future large-scale electric vehicle network access and effective assistance for the safe and stable operation of the power grid.
【學位授予單位】：湖南大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：U469.72;TM910.6

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