本文選題：微網(wǎng)　切入點(diǎn)：分布式電源　出處：《西南交通大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：隨著近年來環(huán)境問題越來越突出以及能源危機(jī)日益加深的影響,以可再生能源為主的分布式發(fā)電技術(shù)得到了很快的發(fā)展。作為電力系統(tǒng)的一種新的網(wǎng)絡(luò)結(jié)構(gòu),微網(wǎng)能夠較好的解決分布式發(fā)電與大電網(wǎng)并網(wǎng)的問題,為解決可再生能源的低利用率提供了解決方案,對(duì)于落實(shí)我國節(jié)能減排的任務(wù)具有重要的意義。微網(wǎng)技術(shù)的研究是當(dāng)前的熱點(diǎn),其中最基本的問題是微網(wǎng)的控制策略問題,而作為大電網(wǎng)的補(bǔ)充,微網(wǎng)在孤島時(shí)的運(yùn)行為用戶帶來了可靠供電和用電安全保障,因此,如何解決微網(wǎng)孤網(wǎng)的控制問題對(duì)微網(wǎng)的發(fā)展至關(guān)重要。 本文對(duì)基于光伏和蓄電池模型結(jié)構(gòu)的微網(wǎng)控制進(jìn)行了仿真和分析。首先建立了典型帶蓄電池的光伏(PV)電池模型,包括三相逆變器,光伏電池,Boost變換器,蓄電池儲(chǔ)能單元,蓄電池充放電Buck/Boost變換器,并對(duì)其相應(yīng)控制電路模型進(jìn)行了一定分析。然后根據(jù)所建立的光伏和蓄電池模型及相應(yīng)變換器的數(shù)學(xué)模型,建立了光伏電池的仿真模型,并對(duì)其最大功率跟蹤進(jìn)行了仿真分析。對(duì)其充放電模型進(jìn)行了仿真和分析。 基于P/V的倒下垂控制具有顯著的優(yōu)點(diǎn),其負(fù)載跟隨功率特性很好。但當(dāng)負(fù)載功率波動(dòng)頻繁時(shí),會(huì)出現(xiàn)光伏儲(chǔ)能系統(tǒng)的功率頻繁變動(dòng),會(huì)引起蓄電池的頻繁充放電,降低了電池的使用壽命。為了解決上述問題,本文采用一種基于Vg/Vdc的控制方法來改進(jìn)P/V控制策略,這種控制策略下,負(fù)荷功率在一定范圍波動(dòng)時(shí),通過調(diào)整輸出電壓幅值來使系統(tǒng)功率達(dá)到平衡而不需要對(duì)蓄電池進(jìn)行充放電。 最后,在Matlab/simulink環(huán)境下搭建了光伏帶儲(chǔ)能的微網(wǎng)孤網(wǎng)仿真模型。對(duì)Vg/Vdc控制、基于Vg/Vdc的改進(jìn)P/V下垂控制進(jìn)行了仿真驗(yàn)證,仿真結(jié)果表明Vg/Vdc能夠較好較快的調(diào)節(jié)系統(tǒng)功率使之平衡,同時(shí)在負(fù)載或分布式電源單元功率小范圍波動(dòng)時(shí),可不對(duì)儲(chǔ)能單元進(jìn)行充放電,這樣增加了儲(chǔ)能單元的使用壽命；基于Vg/Vdc的改進(jìn)P/V下垂控制彌補(bǔ)了P/V下垂控制調(diào)節(jié)下儲(chǔ)能系統(tǒng)有時(shí)頻繁充放電缺點(diǎn),同時(shí),該方法還能較好的實(shí)現(xiàn)負(fù)載的功率均分。 該微網(wǎng)仿真模型為進(jìn)一步的研究提供了基礎(chǔ),對(duì)微網(wǎng)控制方案的驗(yàn)證及微網(wǎng)技術(shù)的發(fā)展具有一定的實(shí)際應(yīng)用價(jià)值。
[Abstract]:With the influence of environmental problems more and more prominent in recent years, the energy crisis deepens increasingly, distributed generation technologies based on renewable energy has been developed rapidly. As a new network structure of the power system, the microgrid can solve the problem of distributed generation and grid better problem, provides a solution for low utilization to solve the renewable energy rate, has important significance for our country to implement energy-saving emission reduction task. Research on Microgrid technology is a hot topic at present, one of the most basic problem is the problem of control strategy of microgrid, for large power grid, microgrid in island operation for users and reliable power supply electricity security, therefore, how to solve the control problem of isolated microgrid on micro grid development is very important.
The photovoltaic and battery model structure of microgrid control is simulated and analyzed. Based on the established first with typical photovoltaic battery (PV) battery model, including three-phase inverter, photovoltaic cell, Boost converter, battery storage unit, battery charge and discharge Buck/ Boost converter, and the corresponding control circuit model some analysis. Then according to the mathematical model of PV and battery model and corresponding converter, established the simulation model of photovoltaic cells, and the maximum power tracking is analyzed. The charge discharge model is simulated and analyzed.
P/V droop control has significant advantages based on the load following power characteristics very well. But when the load power fluctuates frequently, will power photovoltaic energy storage system with frequent changes, frequent charge discharge will cause the battery, reduce the service life of the battery. In order to solve the above problems, this paper adopts a control method Vg/Vdc based on improved P/V control strategy, the control strategy, load power changes within a certain range, by adjusting the power output voltage amplitude enables the system to achieve balance without the need to charge and discharge the battery.
Finally, in the Matlab/simulink environment to build a photovoltaic energy storage microgrid with isolated network simulation model. The Vg/Vdc control, improved P/V Vg/Vdc droop control simulation based verification, simulation results show that Vg/Vdc can better regulate the balance of power in the system, at the same time load or distributed power unit power fluctuation. Without a storage unit to charge and discharge, so as to increase the service life of the storage unit; based on improved P/V Vg/Vdc control for P/V droop droop control under the regulation of the energy storage system sometimes frequent charging and discharging shortcomings, at the same time, the implementation of the power load sharing method is also good.
The micro network simulation model provides a basis for further research, and has a certain practical application value for the verification of micro network control scheme and the development of micronetwork technology.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南交通大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：TM732

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