本文選題：廣義有源電力濾波器　切入點(diǎn)：諧波集中型優(yōu)化PWM技術(shù)　出處：《哈爾濱工業(yè)大學(xué)》2014年博士論文

【摘要】：廣義有源電力濾波器(Generalized Active Power Filter, GAPF)是一種采用電流間接控制的濾波器，其通過(guò)輸出與電網(wǎng)同步的正序基波電壓可以在不需要檢測(cè)負(fù)載電流的情況下有效地實(shí)現(xiàn)無(wú)功補(bǔ)償、諧波抑制、負(fù)序?yàn)V波及穩(wěn)定電壓等功能。GAPF雖然具有諸多優(yōu)點(diǎn)，但亦存在如下缺點(diǎn)和局限：1.輸出電壓的頻譜分布不集中；2.網(wǎng)側(cè)濾波電抗的功耗過(guò)高；3.無(wú)功補(bǔ)償精度與鎖相精度低；4.不具備有功調(diào)節(jié)能力。本文對(duì)GAPF做了深入研究，，針對(duì)上述缺點(diǎn)和局限，在調(diào)制策略、拓?fù)浣Y(jié)構(gòu)、控制方法以及擴(kuò)展功能等方面提出了一系列改善方法。 傳統(tǒng)GAPF采用特定消諧技術(shù)(Selective Harmonic Elimination Pulse Width Modulation, SHEPWM)。由于該技術(shù)的目的是根據(jù)具體需要來(lái)消除某些特定次數(shù)的諧波，故導(dǎo)致剩余諧波的含量大且分散，不易濾除。為改善GAPF輸出電壓的頻譜分布，提高其性能，本文在SHEPWM的基礎(chǔ)上提出諧波集中型優(yōu)化PWM技術(shù)，使頻譜中的剩余諧波集中在相鄰的兩個(gè)頻次，以便通過(guò)單調(diào)諧濾波器加以濾除。為保證迭代的收斂性，提出一種逐步計(jì)算初始值的方法。研究結(jié)果表明，諧波集中型優(yōu)化PWM技術(shù)可在相同開(kāi)關(guān)頻率下有效降低系統(tǒng)電流的諧波含量或網(wǎng)側(cè)濾波電抗的容量與功耗。 GAPF在被提出時(shí)采用兩電平逆變器，開(kāi)關(guān)頻率很低，輸出電壓的諧波含量大，且為抑制輸出電壓對(duì)系統(tǒng)電流的諧波污染，網(wǎng)側(cè)濾波電抗需很大，導(dǎo)致功耗過(guò)高，這是其致命缺陷。為克服該缺陷，提出一種采用新型三電平拓?fù)浣Y(jié)構(gòu)的GAPF，其具有更好的安全性與實(shí)時(shí)性和更高的等效開(kāi)關(guān)頻率，可有效降低輸出電壓的諧波含量和網(wǎng)側(cè)濾波電抗的容量與功耗；為提高裝置的動(dòng)態(tài)性能及避免負(fù)載電壓的波動(dòng)，提出調(diào)制比開(kāi)環(huán)控制的方法，并推導(dǎo)了被控對(duì)象的小信號(hào)模型及PI參數(shù)的整定原則；為解決直流側(cè)電壓的平衡問(wèn)題，提出一種定量計(jì)算小矢量占空比的方法，可實(shí)現(xiàn)中性點(diǎn)電壓的精確調(diào)節(jié)。 GAPF的傳統(tǒng)控制方法是調(diào)制比恒定的單環(huán)相位角控制。該方法雖然簡(jiǎn)單，但只能實(shí)現(xiàn)近似補(bǔ)償，易產(chǎn)生過(guò)補(bǔ)或欠補(bǔ)現(xiàn)象。為克服上述缺陷，本文提出兩種提高無(wú)功補(bǔ)償精度的方法，可實(shí)現(xiàn)單位功率因數(shù)補(bǔ)償。給出了關(guān)于無(wú)功補(bǔ)償精度的定量分析；推導(dǎo)了被控對(duì)象的小信號(hào)模型及PI參數(shù)的整定原則；并比較了這兩種方法的優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)。傳統(tǒng)GAPF通過(guò)過(guò)零檢測(cè)電路與系統(tǒng)電壓同步。該方法的動(dòng)態(tài)性能差，且當(dāng)系統(tǒng)電壓不平衡或存在畸變時(shí)，無(wú)法檢測(cè)出其中的正序基波的過(guò)零點(diǎn)，這會(huì)增強(qiáng)系統(tǒng)的非線(xiàn)性和降低系統(tǒng)的穩(wěn)定性。為克服上述缺陷，本文提出基于dq變換的改進(jìn)鎖相環(huán)，大幅提高了動(dòng)態(tài)性能和鎖相精度。 傳統(tǒng)GAPF由直流側(cè)電容和電壓型逆變器組成，其本身是無(wú)源的，為保證輸出電壓的幅值，穩(wěn)態(tài)時(shí)需要從系統(tǒng)吸收一定的有功功率以補(bǔ)償自身?yè)p耗和維持直流側(cè)電壓，所以不具備有功調(diào)節(jié)能力。為提高性能和擴(kuò)展功能，本文提出結(jié)合蓄電池儲(chǔ)能系統(tǒng)(Battery Energy Storage System, BESS)的方案。詳述了GAPF/BESS的拓?fù)浣Y(jié)構(gòu)及工作原理；建立了GAPF/BESS在dq坐標(biāo)系下的數(shù)學(xué)模型；推導(dǎo)并比較了GAPF/BESS和GAPF的靜態(tài)特性；針對(duì)蓄電池的兩種不同接入方式提出了相應(yīng)的控制方法和充放電模式，并給出了具體的流程圖。 為實(shí)際驗(yàn)證GAPF的有效性，搭建了一臺(tái)三電平的實(shí)驗(yàn)樣機(jī)；給出了無(wú)源元件的參數(shù)選擇方法；提出了窄脈沖消除及死區(qū)補(bǔ)償方法；針對(duì)文中的理論分析和控制方法做了一系列實(shí)驗(yàn)。
[Abstract]:Generalized active power filter (Generalized Active Power Filter, GAPF) is a kind of filter using indirect current control, the synchronization through the output and grid positive sequence fundamental voltage without the need to be able to detect the load current effectively realize reactive power compensation, harmonic suppression, negative sequence filter and voltage stability function of.GAPF has many but there are a lot of advantages, disadvantages and limitations: the spectrum distribution of the 1. output voltage from 2.; power network side filter reactance reactive power compensation is too high; 3. accuracy and precision of PLL is low; the 4. does not have the active adjustment ability. This paper makes a deep research on GAPF, aiming at the disadvantages and limitations of the modulation strategy. The topology structure, control method and extended function, put forward a series of improvement methods.
The traditional GAPF using selective harmonic elimination technique (Selective Harmonic Elimination Pulse Width Modulation, SHEPWM). Because the technology is designed to eliminate certain harmonic number according to the specific needs, so the content of residual harmonic is large and scattered, not easy to filter. In order to improve GAPF spectrum distribution of the output voltage, improve its performance in this paper SHEPWM is proposed based on Harmonic Concentrated PWM optimization techniques, the residual harmonic spectrum in frequency concentrated in two adjacent, in order to filter through the single tuned filter. In order to ensure the convergence of iteration, and proposes a method of calculating the initial value gradually. The results show that the capacity and power consumption of the harmonic content of the grid side the centralized optimization of PWM harmonic reactance filter technology can effectively reduce the system current at the same switching frequencies.
The GAPF two level inverter is introduced, the switching frequency is low, the harmonic content of output voltage, and to restrain the output voltage harmonic pollution to the current system, the network side needs great reactance filter, resulting in power is too high, this is the fatal flaw. In order to overcome the defects, put forward by a new three level the topological structure of the GAPF, it has better security and real-time and higher equivalent switching frequency, can effectively reduce the capacity and power consumption of the harmonic content and the network side filter reactance output voltage; in order to improve the dynamic performance of the device and avoid load voltage fluctuations, the modulation ratio method of open-loop control, and the small signal model and PI object parameters is the setting principle for solving problems; the balance of DC voltage, put forward a quantitative calculation of small vector duty ratio method, which can realize the precise regulation of the neutral point voltage.
The traditional GAPF control method is single loop phase modulation ratio constant angle control. The method is simple, but can only achieve approximate compensation, the over compensation or under compensation phenomenon. To overcome these drawbacks, this paper puts forward two methods to improve the accuracy of reactive power compensation, can realize the unit power factor compensation provides a quantitative. Reactive power compensation on the accuracy of analysis; small signal model and the parameters of PI derived object setting principle; and compares the advantages and disadvantages of the two methods. The traditional GAPF zero crossing detection circuit in synchronization with the system voltage. The dynamic performance of the method, and when the system voltage unbalance or distortion and can not detect the fundamental positive zero, this will increase the nonlinearity of the system and reduce the stability of the system. In order to overcome the above shortcomings, this paper proposes an improved phase-locked loop based on dq transformation, greatly improves the dynamic performance And the precision of phase lock.
The traditional GAPF by DC side capacitance and voltage type inverter, which is passive itself, to ensure that the amplitude of the output voltage, the steady state need to absorb a power from the system to compensate for their losses and to maintain the DC side voltage, so do not have the ability to adjust the active power. High performance and extended function, this paper combined with battery the energy storage system (Battery Energy Storage System, BESS). The scheme describes the topological structure and working principle of GAPF/BESS; the established GAPF/BESS model under DQ coordinates; the static characteristics of GAPF/BESS and GAPF is derived and; for two different access modes of battery and puts forward the corresponding control method and charge discharge model, and gives the flow chart in detail.
In order to verify the effectiveness of GAPF, a three level experimental prototype was built, and the parameter selection method of passive components was presented. The method of narrow pulse elimination and dead time compensation was proposed, and a series of experiments were carried out for theoretical analysis and control methods.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：哈爾濱工業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：TM761;TN713.8

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