發(fā)布時間：2018-03-30 14:06

  本文選題：恢復控制　切入點：快速切負荷　出處：《華南理工大學》2014年博士論文

【摘要】：隨著電網(wǎng)規(guī)模的不斷膨脹和結(jié)構(gòu)日趨復雜，國內(nèi)外大面積停電事故呈多發(fā)趨勢，且造成無法估量的經(jīng)濟損失和嚴重的社會影響。當電網(wǎng)出現(xiàn)事故時如何盡量減小停電范圍和停電負荷，當電網(wǎng)出現(xiàn)大面積停電時如何盡快恢復供電減少停電時間，是現(xiàn)代大電網(wǎng)必須面對和解決的問題。目前，大停電后電力系統(tǒng)的恢復控制尚處于離線編制方案、調(diào)度員憑經(jīng)驗調(diào)度恢復的階段，如何實現(xiàn)電力系統(tǒng)恢復控制的自動化和實用化，并利用先進理論和技術(shù)加速故障后的恢復進程，是一個值得深入研究的課題，具有重要的工程背景和理論價值。 黑啟動是電網(wǎng)恢復的首要階段，大量的非黑啟動機組需要在這一階段盡快恢復，該階段最重要的參數(shù)是恢復時間。傳統(tǒng)的黑啟動電源多為小水電及小型燃機，地處偏遠、容量小、接入電壓等級低，難以滿足大面積停電后電網(wǎng)快速恢復的需要�？焖偾胸摵桑‵astCut Back，F(xiàn)CB）技術(shù)能使火電機組在與電網(wǎng)解列后不停機不停爐，帶廠用電孤島運行，在電網(wǎng)故障消失后迅速并網(wǎng)升負荷，是一種理想的黑啟動電源。本文討論大型火電機組實現(xiàn)FCB功能的關(guān)鍵技術(shù)，建立FCB靜態(tài)與動態(tài)模型，為深入研究FCB機組在系統(tǒng)恢復控制過程中的關(guān)鍵性作用奠定了模型基礎。通過臺山電廠1000MW機組的FCB試驗和空充500kV線路試驗，驗證了FCB機組維持孤島運行及啟動高壓輸電網(wǎng)架的能力，進而驗證了FCB機組在電網(wǎng)恢復控制中的關(guān)鍵作用。 電力系統(tǒng)的恢復控制策略與系統(tǒng)的特性有很大的關(guān)系，很難制定一個通用的故障恢復策略。然而，不同電力系統(tǒng)恢復過程中的階段性目標是相同的，實現(xiàn)階段性目標的策略也存在很大的相似性，因此從目標解耦的角度出發(fā)，存在建立具有兼容性、通用性的電力系統(tǒng)恢復控制方法的可能性�；谠撍悸�，本文在分析電網(wǎng)恢復控制的共性問題和特殊需求的基礎上，根據(jù)解耦的思想，深入研究系統(tǒng)恢復涉及的物理過程和主要關(guān)注的問題，將其解耦成若干相對獨立的子問題，建立了基于目標驅(qū)動的電網(wǎng)恢復控制方法框架。在該框架下，本文考慮了FCB機組對電力系統(tǒng)恢復控制的關(guān)鍵性作用，建立了含F(xiàn)CB機組的電力系統(tǒng)恢復控制策略優(yōu)化模型，該模型能夠計及多種運行約束，找出最優(yōu)的機組啟動順序和系統(tǒng)恢復總時間，但該非線性模型目標函數(shù)含有積分項，現(xiàn)有優(yōu)化方法無法直接求解該模型，本文從物理本質(zhì)出發(fā)，提出一種實用計算方法避免了繁冗的積分運算，快速求得優(yōu)化的機組啟動順序。 本文進一步研究了FCB機組容量及安裝位置的不同對系統(tǒng)恢復時間的影響。確定FCB機組的最優(yōu)布點方案，需要解決兩個問題：一是計劃改造幾臺FCB機組，二是對哪幾臺火力發(fā)電機進行FCB技術(shù)改造。利用枚舉法求解FCB機組布點方案計算量非常大，工程上無法接受。本文將序優(yōu)化理論引入FCB機組布點問題中，以系統(tǒng)恢復時間最短為優(yōu)化目標，并考慮約束條件，建立相應的優(yōu)化模型并給出求解方法。 最后，本文基于風險與效率的綜合考慮，針對給定的布點方案，通過遍歷尋優(yōu)得到所有較優(yōu)的黑啟動方案，并將這些黑啟動方案的評估指標進行綜合，，得到用于表征該黑啟動機組布點方案所具有的風險、效率水平的量化評估結(jié)果。該評估方法能夠很好評估FCB機組布點方案所對應的黑啟動過程所具有的效率及風險應對能力，對于FCB機組布點的選取具有一定的指導意義。 本文工作得到廣東電網(wǎng)公司重大科技項目（K-GD2011-553）的資助，部分研究成果已經(jīng)成功應用于廣東電網(wǎng)公司，有效的解決了該電網(wǎng)中水電機組不足而電網(wǎng)運行可靠性要求高的技術(shù)難題，取得了良好的社會和經(jīng)濟效益。
[Abstract]:With the continuous expansion of the scale and structure of power grid is becoming more and more complicated, the domestic and foreign large-scale blackouts showed multiple trends, and caused incalculable economic losses and serious social impact. When the power grid accident how to decrease the power range and power load, occur when the power grid blackout to restore power as quickly as possible to reduce the outage time. Is a modern large power grid must face and solve the problem. At present, restoration after blackout of power system is still in the off-line programming, the dispatcher experience scheduling recovery stage, how to realize the power system restoration control automation and practicability, and accelerate the recovery process by using the advanced theory and technology, is a worthy of further study, with engineering background and important theoretical value.
Black start is the primary stage of power system restoration, black start unit needs a resume as soon as possible at this stage, the most important parameters of the stage is the restoration time. Traditional black start power for small hydropower and small gas turbine, remoteness, small capacity, access to low voltage level, it is difficult to meet the need of large area the power grid after the rapid recovery. Fast load shedding (FastCut Back FCB) technology can make in thermal power units and power splitting after the running of the boiler, the islanding operation with auxiliary power, in the power grid fault disappears rapidly after the grid load up, is an ideal black start power. This paper discusses the key technology large thermal power units to achieve FCB function, establish FCB static and dynamic model, lay a model foundation for the key role in the research of FCB unit system restoration process. Through the 1000MW unit of Taishan power plant FCB test and air filling line 500kV The road test proves the ability of the FCB unit to maintain the isolated island operation and to start the high voltage transmission network frame, and then verifies the key role of the FCB unit in the power grid recovery control.
Have a great relationship with the restoration of power system control strategy and the characteristics of the system, it is difficult to develop a universal recovery strategy. However, different power system during the recovery stage of the goal is the same, to achieve the stage goal strategy has great similarity, thus decoupling from the target point of view, there are establish a compatibility, the possibility of universal power system restoration control method. Based on this idea, this paper restores common problems and special needs in the control analysis of power grid, according to the idea of decoupling, recovery of the physical processes involved and focused on the in-depth research of the problem of the system, be decoupled into several independent sub the problem, establish goal-driven control method of power system restoration based framework. In this framework, this paper considers the key role of FCB unit to resume control of the power system, the establishment of The power system containing FCB unit recovery optimization model control strategy, the model can be considered and a variety of operating constraints, the total time recovery boot sequence and system to find the optimal unit, but the nonlinear objective function with integral, the existing optimization method can not directly solve the model, this article from the physical essence, this paper advances a method to calculate the utility can avoid integral operation cumbersome, to quickly calculate the startup sequence optimization unit.
This paper further studies the FCB unit capacity and the installation location of the different influence on the system recovery time. The optimal layout scheme of FCB unit, need to solve two problems: one is the transformation plan several FCB units, two FCB technical renovation on which a few coal-fired generators. The use of enumeration method for solving FCB unit layout the computation is very large, can not accept the engineering. In this paper the ordinal optimization theory into FCB unit allocation problem, the system recovery time as the optimization object, and considering the constraint conditions, establishes the corresponding optimization model and solving method are given.
Finally, considering the risk and efficiency based on the layout scheme is given, through the traversal optimization to get all the optimal black start scheme, and the evaluation index of these black start schemes are integrated and are used to characterize the black start unit distribution scheme is to quantify the risk assessment results, the level of efficiency. Evaluation is a good method to evaluate the efficiency and risk coping ability of FCB unit distribution in black start process of the corresponding scheme. It has certain guiding significance for selection of FCB unit distribution.
This work is supported by the Guangdong Grid Co of major scientific and technological projects (K-GD2011-553) funding, some research results have been successfully applied to the Guangdong Grid Co, effectively solves the technical problem of insufficient power grid and the hydropower generating units of power grid reliability requirements, and achieved good social and economic benefits.

【學位授予單位】：華南理工大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TM621

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