本文選題：超級電容器　切入點：模板　出處：《安徽工業(yè)大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：超級電容器作為一種新型儲能元件,具有循環(huán)壽命長、充電速度快和溫度特性好等優(yōu)點,廣泛應(yīng)用于軍事、交通和通信領(lǐng)域。多孔炭(Porous carbons,PCs)和石墨烯具有比表面積高、孔隙結(jié)構(gòu)發(fā)達(dá)和導(dǎo)電性優(yōu)良等特點,是超級電容器最常用的電極材料。本文以煤瀝青為碳源,采用模板法制備了富含中大孔結(jié)構(gòu)的多孔炭和中空球形多孔石墨烯(Hollow spherical porous graphenes,HSPGs),通過氮吸脫附、X-光電子能譜、透射電鏡、場發(fā)射掃描電鏡等技術(shù)手段對PCs和HSPGs進(jìn)行表征。采用恒流充放電、循環(huán)伏安法和交流阻抗譜考察了PC和HSPG超級電容器電化學(xué)性能。主要結(jié)論如下:以煤瀝青為碳源,氫氧化鉀為活化劑,九水硝酸鐵為模板制備了富含中孔結(jié)構(gòu)多孔炭。當(dāng)煤瀝青、九水硝酸鐵和氫氧化鉀的質(zhì)量分別為4.2 g、16.8 g和6.0 g時,所制備的多孔炭PC4.2-16.8-6比表面積為1683 m2/g,總孔孔容和平均孔徑分別為2.07 cm3/g和4.91 nm,其非微孔孔容達(dá)到79.2%。在0.05 A/g電流密度下,PC4.2-16.8-6電極比容為182 F/g,當(dāng)電流密度擴大400倍,PC4.2-16.8-6比容保持率為81.6%,顯示了很好的速率性能。在1 M Et4NBF4/PC電解液中,PC4.2-16.8-6超級電容器能量密度達(dá)到15.72 Wh/kg。在不同活化氣氛下,以納米氧化鎂為模板劑,協(xié)同氫氧化鉀活化煤瀝青一步法制備了HSPGs。HSPGs比表面積高達(dá)1947 m2/g,總孔孔容為1.16 cm3/g。當(dāng)碳源、氧化鎂和氫氧化鉀的質(zhì)量分別為3.0 g、18.0 g和6.0 g,氬氣條件下制備的HSPG3-18-6-Ar的平均孔徑和比表面積分別為2.31 nm、1871 m2/g。在0.05 A/g電流密度下,HSPG3-18-6-Ar電極比容達(dá)到321 F/g,電流密度增大為20 A/g時,其比容保持率為76.0%,顯示了很好的速率性能。1000次循環(huán)充放電后,HSPG3-18-6-Ar電極比容保持率為94.5%。HSPG3-18-6-Ar超級電容器能量密度達(dá)到11.11Wh/kg。在9502 W/kg的功率密度下,其能量密度達(dá)7.25 Wh/kg。以納米碳酸鈣為模板,十六烷基三甲基溴化銨(CTAB)為表面活性劑,采用常規(guī)加熱法制備了富含中大孔結(jié)構(gòu)的PCs,在1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑六氟磷酸鹽離子液體中測試其電化學(xué)性能。當(dāng)碳酸鈣、碳源和CTAB的質(zhì)量分別為13.50 g、6.75 g和6.75 g時,PC2-1-1電極比容為117 F/g,超級電容器能量密度達(dá)到64.18Wh/kg,在平均功率密度為4267 W/kg時,電容器的能量密度為22.19 W/kg。100次充放電后,PC2-1-1電極比容和能量密度的保持率分別達(dá)到93.2%和90.0%。
[Abstract]:As a new type of energy storage element, supercapacitors have many advantages, such as long cycle life, high charging speed and good temperature characteristics. They are widely used in military, transportation and communication fields. The pore structure is developed and the electrical conductivity is good, so it is the most commonly used electrode material for supercapacitors. In this paper, coal pitch is used as carbon source. Porous carbon rich in mesoporous structure and hollow spherical porous graphenes (HSPGsN) were prepared by template method. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were used to prepare HSPGsO. The electrochemical properties of PC and HSPG supercapacitors were investigated by means of constant current charge-discharge, cyclic voltammetry and AC impedance spectroscopy. The main conclusions were as follows: coal pitch was used as carbon source. Porous carbon rich in mesoporous structure was prepared by using potassium hydroxide as activator and iron nitrate nine hydrate as template. When the mass of coal pitch, iron nitrate nine hydrate and potassium hydroxide were 4.2 g / L 16.8 g and 6.0 g, respectively, The PC4.2-16.8-6 specific surface area of the prepared porous carbon is 1683 m2 / g, the total pore volume and average pore size are 2.07 cm3/g and 4.91 nm, respectively, and its non-micropore volume reaches 79.2 nm. At 0.05 g current density, the specific volume of PC4.2-16.8-6 electrode is 182Fg / r, and the specific volume of PC4.2-16.8-6 is maintained by 400 times the current density of PC4.2-16.8-6. In 1 M Et4NBF4/PC electrolyte, the energy density of PC4.2-16.8-6 supercapacitor is 15.72Wh.kg. in different activation atmospheres, The specific surface area of HSPGs.HSPGs was as high as 1947 m2 / g, and the total pore volume was 1.16 cm ~ 3 / g when carbon source was used as carbon source, using nanometer magnesium oxide as template, and activated coal pitch with potassium hydroxide. The mass of magnesium oxide and potassium hydroxide are 3.0 g / 18. 0 g and 6. 0 g, respectively. The average pore size and specific surface area of HSPG3-18-6-Ar prepared under argon condition are 2. 31 nm ~ 1 871 m ~ (2 / g) 路g. When the specific volume of HSPG _ 3-18-6-ar electrode reaches 321 F / g at 0. 05 g current density, the current density increases to 20% 路g. The specific volume retention rate is 76.0, showing a good rate of performance. The specific volume retention rate of HSPG3-18-6-Ar electrode is 11.11 Wh.kg. at a power density of 9502 W/kg, the specific volume retention rate of HSPG3-18-6-Ar electrode is 11.11Whkg. at the power density of 9502 W/kg, the energy density is 7.25Wh/ kg. using nano-calcium carbonate as a template, Cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) as surfactant, PCS rich in mesoporous structure was prepared by conventional heating method. The electrochemical properties of PCS were tested in ionic liquids containing 1-#china_person0# -3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate. When the mass of carbon source and CTAB were 13.50 g / g and 6.75 g, respectively, the specific capacity of the electrode was 117F / g, and the energy density of supercapacitor was 64.18 / kg. When the average power density was 4267 W/kg, the specific capacity of PC2-1-1 electrode was 117F / g. The specific capacitance and energy density of the electrode of PC2-1-1 are 93. 2% and 90. 0%, respectively, after charge and discharge of 22. 19 W/kg.100.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：安徽工業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TM53

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