本文選題：無觸點有載調(diào)壓　切入點：變壓器　出處：《東北農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：電網(wǎng)電壓存在波動,負(fù)荷變化也會影響電網(wǎng)電壓,從而不利于用電設(shè)備長期穩(wěn)定運行。在無功功率充足的情況下,變壓器調(diào)壓是最直接有效的穩(wěn)壓措施。本課題所在項目“無觸點有載自動調(diào)壓配電變壓器”研制出一種以反并聯(lián)晶閘管為分接開關(guān)的無觸點有載調(diào)壓配電變壓器,其容量為50k VA,使之帶不同性質(zhì)負(fù)荷進行試驗,最終解決了樣機調(diào)壓可靠性問題,并達到了穩(wěn)壓目的。然而,變壓器高壓側(cè)繞組如果發(fā)生單相接地故障,位于高壓側(cè)的反并聯(lián)晶閘管和低壓側(cè)的控制系統(tǒng)間將承受較大的高壓側(cè)相電壓。當(dāng)前所使用的位于接口處的電源變壓器及光電耦合器的絕緣效果無法滿足該耐壓要求。光纖具有良好絕緣效果,在晶閘管的觸發(fā)問題上具有一定的應(yīng)用價值與發(fā)展?jié)摿�。本文所進行的基于光纖觸發(fā)的無觸點有載自動調(diào)壓技術(shù)的研究就是利用光纖觸發(fā)技術(shù)以徹底解決變壓器高低壓側(cè)絕緣問題。調(diào)壓系統(tǒng)以STC89C52RC單片機為控制中心,將采集處理后所得的低壓側(cè)相電壓與設(shè)定的額定值作比較,根據(jù)需要發(fā)出控制信號經(jīng)光纖傳送給高壓側(cè)的觸發(fā)電路以完成分接開關(guān)的切換,起到有載自動調(diào)壓的作用,穩(wěn)定變壓器輸出電壓。本文以高耐壓的反并聯(lián)晶閘管為分接開關(guān),設(shè)計了四種主接線方案。通過方案的選擇比較,最終確定了全電力電子式主電路設(shè)計,該設(shè)計采用光纖觸發(fā)反并聯(lián)晶閘管及光纖觸發(fā)雙向晶閘管啟動機構(gòu),不僅解決了變壓器高低壓側(cè)間電氣隔離問題,同時也克服了機械觸點固有缺陷。通過分析變壓器不平衡運行時高壓側(cè)各相電壓偏移中性點程度,同時根據(jù)實際需要,確定了晶閘管的型號,并設(shè)計了RC緩沖保護電路。光纖采用了配套的HFBR-1521型發(fā)送器、HFBR-2521接收器。本文設(shè)計了反并聯(lián)晶閘管光纖觸發(fā)電路,同時設(shè)計了基于光纖觸發(fā)的啟動電路。通過光纖進行控制信號的傳輸,保證了變壓器高低壓側(cè)的良好電氣隔離效果。觸發(fā)電路與啟動電路可靠運行的重難點在于高壓直流電源的獲取。本設(shè)計利用加在處于截止?fàn)顟B(tài)下的分接開關(guān)的交流電壓進行整流濾波穩(wěn)壓得到所需直流電源。根據(jù)運行原理,針對電子元器件進行了選型及參數(shù)設(shè)置,并通過實驗驗證。在控制單元上,從硬件系統(tǒng)與軟件系統(tǒng)入手,分別在原有基礎(chǔ)上加于改進,以配合光纖觸發(fā)信號。由于啟動機構(gòu)與觸發(fā)電路在給與光信號的情況下動作恰好相反,故在分接開關(guān)轉(zhuǎn)換子程序中加以修改,以使反并聯(lián)晶閘管與雙向晶閘管正確動作,完成啟動與調(diào)壓的過程。在實驗室模擬試實驗中,先后進行了反并聯(lián)晶閘管光纖觸發(fā)實驗、光纖觸發(fā)啟動實驗及整體實驗,結(jié)果表明基于光纖觸發(fā)的無觸點有載自動調(diào)壓裝置能夠?qū)崿F(xiàn)基本調(diào)壓功能,并且解決了配電變壓器高低壓側(cè)電氣隔離問題,這對于現(xiàn)今全電力電子型有載調(diào)壓變壓器推廣使用具有重要意義。
[Abstract]:The fluctuation of power grid voltage and the change of load will affect the voltage of the power network, which is not conducive to the long-term stable operation of the power equipment. In the case of sufficient reactive power, Transformer voltage regulation is the most direct and effective voltage regulation measure. This project, "Non-contact on-load automatic voltage regulating distribution transformer", has developed a non-contact on-load voltage regulating distribution transformer, which takes anti-parallel thyristor as tap switch. Its capacity is 50kVA, which makes it carry on the test with different properties of load, finally solves the reliability problem of the prototype voltage regulation, and achieves the purpose of voltage stabilization. However, if the single-phase grounding fault occurs in the high-voltage side windings of the transformer, The antiparallel thyristor at the high voltage side and the control system on the low voltage side will bear a large voltage at the high voltage side. The insulation effect of the current power transformer and photocoupler located at the interface can not meet this voltage. Requirements. Optical fiber has good insulation effect, It has certain application value and development potential in the trigger of thyristors. The research of no-contact load automatic voltage regulation based on fiber-optic trigger in this paper is to make use of fiber-optic trigger technology to solve transformer thoroughly. High and low voltage side insulation problem. Voltage regulation system with STC89C52RC single chip microcomputer as the control center, Comparing the phase voltage of low-voltage side after acquisition and processing with the rated value, and sending out the control signal to the trigger circuit of high-voltage side through optical fiber according to the need, so as to complete the switch of tap switch, and play the role of automatic voltage regulation on load. The output voltage of transformer is stabilized. In this paper, four kinds of main wiring schemes are designed by using high voltage reverse parallel thyristor as tap switch. Through the selection and comparison of the schemes, the design of all-power electronic main circuit is finally determined. This design not only solves the problem of electrical isolation between high and low voltage side of transformer, but also adopts optical fiber trigger reverse parallel thyristor and fiber optic trigger bidirectional thyristor starting mechanism. At the same time, it overcomes the inherent defects of mechanical contact. By analyzing the degree of voltage offset neutral point of each phase in the unbalanced operation of transformer, the type of thyristor is determined according to the actual needs. The RC buffer protection circuit is designed. The HFBR-1521 transmitter and HFBR-2521 receiver are used in the optical fiber. The anti-parallel thyristor fiber trigger circuit is designed in this paper. At the same time, the starting circuit based on fiber-optic trigger is designed. The high and low voltage side of transformer has good electrical isolation effect. The most difficult point for the reliable operation of trigger circuit and startup circuit lies in the acquisition of HVDC power supply. The current voltage is rectified and filtered to stabilize the voltage to obtain the required DC power supply. The type selection and parameter setting of electronic components are carried out and verified by experiments. In the control unit, the hardware system and the software system are respectively applied to the improvement on the original basis. Because the action of the starting mechanism and the trigger circuit is just opposite when the light signal is given, it is modified in the tap switch conversion subroutine to make the anti-parallel thyristor and the bi-directional thyristor operate correctly. In the laboratory simulation experiment, the anti-parallel thyristor fiber trigger experiment, the optical fiber trigger start experiment and the whole experiment have been carried out. The results show that the no-contact on-load automatic voltage regulating device based on fiber-optic trigger can realize the basic voltage regulation function and solve the electrical isolation problem of the high and low voltage side of the distribution transformer. This is of great significance to the popularization and use of all-power electronic load-regulated transformers.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：東北農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：TM421

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