本文選題：光伏發(fā)電　切入點：微網　出處：《中國礦業(yè)大學》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：光伏發(fā)電將成為21世紀獲取能源最重要的手段之一。提高微網中光伏發(fā)電能源利用率及依各個分布式能源特點而制定微網運行控制策略是兩個重要的研究方向，具有很好的實用價值。 提出基于爬坡算法的模糊控制。首先理論推導了光伏電池I-U輸出特性方程及光伏電池工程用模型；分析了光伏電池元組成光伏列陣的基本原則，并以此為根據建立了光伏電池及光伏列陣的Matlab/Simulink仿真模型；依據爬坡法的基本思想，根據光伏并網系統(tǒng)輸入輸出特性，設計了模糊最大功率跟蹤控制。設立了模糊控制規(guī)則，決定了隸屬函數類型及其相關參數。與傳統(tǒng)爬坡算法MPPT相較，本文設計的基于爬坡算法的模糊控制，通過輸出變化的占空比步長，消除了傳統(tǒng)爬坡算法存在的震蕩問題，能達到很好的跟蹤效果和穩(wěn)態(tài)特性。 其次，為提高光伏電池發(fā)電效率，綜合考慮陰影及光伏列陣結構對最大功率點分布的影響是非常必須的。本文研究了加裝旁路二極管光伏電池等效模型及其組成光伏列陣之后的數學特性，并進行了Matlab仿真建模。著重探討了加裝旁路二極管、光伏列陣拓撲結構、光照強度大小及分布形狀對光伏列陣輸出特性的影響。重點分析了加裝旁路二極管的原因及其輸出特性、分析了傳統(tǒng)最大功率跟蹤算法的適用范圍及其失效原因，為最大功率跟蹤控制的算法提供了理論依據。 再次，為提高光伏發(fā)電系統(tǒng)的能量利用率，針對局部陰影下光伏列陣輸出特性曲線多峰值問題，，提出了一種全局最大功率搜索加局部功率跟蹤算法。局部功率跟蹤算法采用了電導增量法，全局最大功率搜索算法采用了基于電壓跳躍的全局掃描法。與傳統(tǒng)全局掃描法相比，能在保證準確性的前提提高掃描速度，準確搜索到全局最大功率點。從考慮電壓波動及能量損耗的角度，對局部功率跟蹤算法的適用范圍、電壓跳躍步長、全局功率搜索范圍等概念進行了研究。在Matlab/Simulink仿真環(huán)境中建立了光伏并網仿真模型，驗證了該算法的快速性及準確性。 最后，本文提出了一種基于模糊PID的改進P-f、Q-V下垂控制方法。首先分析了光伏列陣微網PQ控制和P-f、Q-V下垂控制的微網綜合控制策略的仿真模型控制結構，研究了模型參數的選擇和設計方法，獲得了微網在負荷投切、逆變器離網和光伏列陣輸出功率變化時的運行特性。傳統(tǒng)的下垂因子固定，作為一種有差控制使得在負荷變化時母線電壓的幅值和頻率波動較大�；谀：齈ID的改進P-f、Q-V下垂控制方法，有效減小了傳統(tǒng)下垂法控制的微網逆變器在負荷波動時母線電壓幅值和頻率的不穩(wěn)定。通過Matlab進行了相應的仿真，驗證了本文提出基于模糊PID的改進P-f、Q-V下垂控制方法的有效性。
[Abstract]:Photovoltaic power generation will become one of the most important means to obtain energy in the 21st century. It has good practical value. Fuzzy control based on climbing algorithm is proposed. Firstly, the I-U output characteristic equation of photovoltaic cell and the model of photovoltaic cell engineering are derived theoretically, and the basic principle of photovoltaic array composed of photovoltaic cell elements is analyzed. Based on this, the Matlab/Simulink simulation model of photovoltaic cell and photovoltaic array is established, the fuzzy maximum power tracking control is designed according to the basic idea of climbing method and the input and output characteristics of photovoltaic grid-connected system, and the fuzzy control rules are established. Compared with the traditional climbing algorithm (MPPT), the fuzzy control based on the climbing algorithm is designed in this paper. By outputting the duty cycle step size, the oscillatory problem of the traditional climbing algorithm is eliminated. It can achieve good tracking effect and steady state characteristic. Secondly, in order to improve the efficiency of photovoltaic cells, It is necessary to consider the influence of shadow and photovoltaic array structure on the distribution of maximum power points. In this paper, the equivalent model of photovoltaic cell with bypass diode and its mathematical characteristics after composing photovoltaic array are studied. The simulation modeling of Matlab is carried out, and the topology of photovoltaic array is discussed by adding bypass diode and photovoltaic array. The effect of illumination intensity and distribution shape on the output characteristics of photovoltaic array is analyzed. The reason of adding bypass diode and its output characteristics are analyzed, and the application range and failure reason of traditional maximum power tracking algorithm are analyzed. It provides a theoretical basis for the algorithm of maximum power tracking control. Thirdly, in order to improve the energy efficiency of photovoltaic power generation system, the output characteristic curve of photovoltaic array under local shadow is multi-peak. A global maximum power search plus local power tracking algorithm is proposed. The local power tracking algorithm adopts conductance increment method, and the global maximum power search algorithm adopts the global scanning method based on voltage jump. The scanning speed can be improved on the premise of accuracy, and the global maximum power point can be accurately searched. From the angle of voltage fluctuation and energy loss, the applicable range of local power tracking algorithm and the voltage jump step can be obtained. The concept of global power search range is studied, and the photovoltaic grid-connected simulation model is established in the Matlab/Simulink simulation environment, which verifies the rapidity and accuracy of the algorithm. Finally, this paper presents an improved P-f-Q-V droop control method based on fuzzy PID. Firstly, the simulation model control structure of PQ control and P-fFQ-V droop control strategy for photovoltaic array microgrid is analyzed. The selection and design method of model parameters are studied, and the operating characteristics of microgrid under load switching, inverter off-grid and photovoltaic array output power change are obtained. The traditional droop factor is fixed. As a kind of differential control, the amplitude and frequency of bus voltage fluctuate greatly when the load changes. Based on fuzzy PID, an improved P-fFQ-V droop control method is proposed. The instability of bus voltage amplitude and frequency in the load fluctuation of the microgrid inverter controlled by the traditional droop method is effectively reduced. The corresponding simulation by Matlab verifies the effectiveness of the improved P-fFQ-V droop control method based on fuzzy PID.
【學位授予單位】：中國礦業(yè)大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TM615

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