本文選題：風電場宏觀選址　切入點：準入容量　出處：《燕山大學》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：近年來，隨著環(huán)境污染和能源危機日益嚴重，風力發(fā)電越來越受到世界各國的重視，風電場的裝機容量也曾上升的趨勢。然而如何選取合適的風電場場址、計算并網(wǎng)風電場的準入容量以及對風電場并網(wǎng)方案進行合理評價成為現(xiàn)階段亟需解決的問題。眾所周知，風電機組的出力與其所在地的風能資源分布密切相關。所以，風電場的選址是風電場規(guī)劃過程中必不可少的步驟。由于風電場出力受風速和風向的影響，而自然界的風具有波動性并難以預測，導致風電場的出力也具有隨機波動性。所以，風電場的并網(wǎng)會影響電網(wǎng)的靜態(tài)安全穩(wěn)定和電能質(zhì)量，，這也是制約并網(wǎng)風電場準入容量的重要原因。綜上所述，風電場的選址和準入容量的確定對風電場規(guī)劃有著至關重要的意義。 課題從含風電場的電力系統(tǒng)潮流計算的研究入手，分析各種計算方法的優(yōu)缺點，最后采用聯(lián)合迭代法作為系統(tǒng)潮流計算的方法。此方法通過風電場有功功率和節(jié)點電壓求解風電場的無功功率，所以比常規(guī)PQ模型計算方法的結(jié)果更精確，同時，修正雅克比矩陣中風電場節(jié)點無功功率增量對電壓的偏導數(shù)，使迭代次數(shù)減少，程序收斂快。 通過平均風功率密度、有效風功率密度和全年風能可利用小時數(shù)等指標對風能觀測點的風能資源狀況進行評估，進而對風電場進行宏觀選址。在風電場的宏觀地址已確定的基礎上計算風電場的準入容量。本文對已有的基本遺傳算法的選擇、交叉、變異方法進行改進，對交叉算子和變異算子進行優(yōu)化，使算法的精確度更高，收斂性更好。利用改進的遺傳算法，求解基于電網(wǎng)靜態(tài)安全約束的風電場準入容量，求解過程中考慮了風電場出力的隨機波動性和風電場的尾流效應。 對風電場并網(wǎng)方案的經(jīng)濟性和可靠性進行評價，分別利用單一指標和綜合指標考察風電場并網(wǎng)后電網(wǎng)的性能，選出最優(yōu)的風電場并網(wǎng)方案。最后，以云南部分地區(qū)電網(wǎng)為算例對本文所研究內(nèi)容進行驗證與分析。
[Abstract]:In recent years, with the environmental pollution and energy crisis becoming more and more serious, wind power generation has attracted more and more attention from all over the world, and the installed capacity of wind farms has also increased. Calculating the access capacity of grid-connected wind farm and evaluating the scheme of wind farm grid connection are the problems that need to be solved at this stage. As we all know, the output capacity of wind turbine is closely related to the distribution of wind energy resources in the place where it is located. Wind farm location is an essential step in wind farm planning. Because wind farm output is affected by wind speed and direction, and wind in nature is volatile and unpredictable, wind farm output is also stochastic. The grid connection of wind farm will affect the static security and power quality of power grid, which is also an important reason for restricting the access capacity of wind farm connected to grid. The location of wind farm and the determination of access capacity are very important for wind farm planning. Starting with the research of power system power flow calculation with wind farm, the paper analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of various calculation methods. Finally, the combined iteration method is used to calculate the power flow of the system. The reactive power of the wind farm is solved by the active power and node voltage of the wind farm, so it is more accurate than the conventional PQ model. The partial derivative of reactive power increment to voltage of wind farm node in Jacobian matrix is corrected, which reduces the iteration times and the program converges quickly. The wind energy resources of wind energy observation points are evaluated by the average wind power density, the effective wind power density and the number of hours available for wind energy utilization in the whole year. On the basis of the macro location of the wind farm, the access capacity of the wind farm is calculated on the basis of the determination of the macro address of the wind farm. In this paper, the selection, crossover and mutation methods of the existing basic genetic algorithms are improved. The crossover operator and mutation operator are optimized so that the accuracy of the algorithm is higher and the convergence is better. Using the improved genetic algorithm, the access capacity of wind farm based on static security constraints of power grid is solved. The stochastic fluctuation of wind farm output and the wake effect of wind farm are considered. The economy and reliability of wind farm grid connection scheme are evaluated. The performance of wind farm grid after grid connection is investigated by a single index and a comprehensive index. Finally, the optimal wind farm grid connection scheme is selected. The research contents of this paper are verified and analyzed by taking Yunnan power grid as an example.
【學位授予單位】：燕山大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TM614

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