本文選題：積垢　切入點：軸流式壓氣機　出處：《華北電力大學》2014年博士論文

【摘要】：軸流式壓氣機是燃氣輪機發(fā)電機組中重要的組成部分之一,由于機組功率的50%-60%由壓氣機消耗,因此壓氣機性能的高低直接影響發(fā)電機組的效率。在壓氣機的眾多失效模式中,積垢造成的壓氣機性能退化達到70%-85%,因此研究壓氣機積垢的形成機理,分析積垢對軸流式壓氣機性能的影響,討論壓氣機積垢的監(jiān)測與控制策略,對于燃氣輪機機組的安全、高效和健康運行具有非常重要的現(xiàn)實意義。本文取得的主要研究成果如下： (1)從微觀角度對顆粒物在壓氣機內(nèi)部的輸送過程和沉積過程進行理論和數(shù)值仿真分析,建立了顆粒物輸送機理與葉片不同位置之間的對應關系,所得到的結(jié)論是壓力面積垢是由于較大顆粒物的慣性作用的結(jié)果,而吸力面積垢的主要原因是因為小顆粒物的湍流擴散造成的。然后,分別研究了顆粒物大小、顆粒物濃度、入口溫度、初始速度、旋轉(zhuǎn)速度、表面粗糙度和濕度等因素對積垢形成的影響。 (2)對單級軸流式壓氣機積垢行為建模方法進行分析,對過去采用表面粗糙度以及厚度等參數(shù)的設定表征積垢行為存在的缺陷進行討論,提出利用壓氣機葉片型面參數(shù)的變化,將逆向工程中的測量技術(shù)與傳統(tǒng)的CFD分析方法相結(jié)合,獲取積垢葉片的準確幾何模型,真實反映葉片積垢的實際狀態(tài),提高性能仿真的精度。 (3)提出了多級軸流式壓氣機性能預測的新方法,改變原有方法只能針對某一指定時刻積垢狀態(tài)進行分析的缺點,將積垢的多級軸流式壓氣機劃分為兩部分,分別選擇合理的計算方法。對于積垢部分的性能計算,采用級堆疊方法、相似理論和線性退化模型相結(jié)合,充分考慮級間積垢分布的差異及其它影響因素。對于無積垢級的性能計算,采用平均微元級計算其性能。 (4)提出了壓氣機積垢狀態(tài)監(jiān)測的優(yōu)化方案,改變過去僅僅依靠某一性能參數(shù)進行監(jiān)測所存在的缺陷。在運行的初期,主要基于熱力學性能參數(shù)的變化進行判斷,當性能參數(shù)下降到一定程度的時候,再結(jié)合對葉片型面參數(shù)的監(jiān)測,對壓氣機積垢的狀態(tài)進行準確評估。 (5)對壓氣機清洗時間間隔進行分析,獲得優(yōu)化數(shù)學模型,為壓氣機積垢的控制提供支持。
[Abstract]:Axial flow compressor is one of the important parts of gas turbine generator set. Because 50% to 60% of unit power is consumed by compressor, the performance of compressor directly affects the efficiency of generator set. The performance degradation of compressor caused by fouling has reached 70-85.Therefore, the formation mechanism of compressor fouling is studied, the influence of fouling on the performance of axial flow compressor is analyzed, and the monitoring and control strategy of compressor fouling is discussed, which is safe for gas turbine units. Efficient and healthy operation is of great practical significance. The main research results obtained in this paper are as follows:. 1) from the microscopic point of view, the transport process and deposition process of particulate matter in the compressor are analyzed theoretically and numerically, and the corresponding relationship between the conveying mechanism of particulate matter and the different position of the blade is established. The conclusion is that the pressure area scale is the result of the inertial action of the larger particles, and the main reason of the suction area scale is the turbulent diffusion of the small particles. The influence of inlet temperature, initial velocity, rotation speed, surface roughness and humidity on fouling formation. This paper analyzes the modeling method of scaling behavior of single stage axial flow compressor, discusses the defects of setting parameters such as surface roughness and thickness to characterize the scaling behavior in the past, and puts forward the change of profile parameters of compressor blade. By combining the measurement technology in reverse engineering with the traditional CFD analysis method, the accurate geometric model of the scalded blade is obtained, which reflects the actual state of the blade fouling and improves the accuracy of performance simulation. A new method for predicting the performance of multistage axial flow compressor is proposed. The original method can only be used to analyze the fouling state at a given time, and the multi-stage axial flow compressor is divided into two parts. For the performance calculation of the fouling part, the hierarchical stacking method, the similarity theory and the linear degradation model are adopted. Considering the difference of scale distribution among stages and other influencing factors, the average microelement level is used to calculate the performance of scale free grade. In this paper, the optimization scheme of compressor fouling condition monitoring is put forward, which changes the defects existing in monitoring only one performance parameter in the past. In the initial stage of operation, it is mainly judged by the variation of thermodynamic performance parameters. When the performance parameters are reduced to a certain extent, combined with the monitoring of blade profile parameters, the compressor fouling state is accurately evaluated. 5) the cleaning time interval of compressor is analyzed, and the optimized mathematical model is obtained, which provides support for the control of compressor fouling.
【學位授予單位】：華北電力大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TM31

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