本文選題：光伏發(fā)電　切入點(diǎn)：逆變器　出處：《湖南大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：隨著社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)的高速發(fā)展，人類(lèi)對(duì)電力的需求日益增大，而能源緊缺與環(huán)境污染問(wèn)題日益加重，促進(jìn)了人類(lèi)對(duì)可再生能源發(fā)電技術(shù)的研究。太陽(yáng)能取之不盡，用之不竭，綠色環(huán)保，發(fā)展前景巨大，因此光伏發(fā)電成為近年來(lái)研究的熱點(diǎn)。本文以三相光伏逆變器為研究對(duì)象，從工程實(shí)現(xiàn)的角度出發(fā)，深入研究了三相光伏并網(wǎng)逆變器的拓?fù)浣Y(jié)構(gòu)、主電路工作原理和參數(shù)設(shè)計(jì)、并網(wǎng)控制方法和基于DSP控制系統(tǒng)的硬件軟件設(shè)計(jì)，并在此基礎(chǔ)上研制開(kāi)發(fā)了一套三相光伏并網(wǎng)逆變器樣機(jī)。 本文首先分析了光伏并網(wǎng)逆變器系統(tǒng)的主電路結(jié)構(gòu)。在對(duì)比分析了幾種常用的三相光伏逆變器主電路原理及特性的基礎(chǔ)上，確定了三相光伏并網(wǎng)逆變器系統(tǒng)的主電路采用單級(jí)式非隔離型的拓?fù)浣Y(jié)構(gòu)。并詳細(xì)分析討論了直流側(cè)電容、逆變器輸出濾波電感等主電路元器件參數(shù)的設(shè)計(jì)方法。 在確定了系統(tǒng)主電路方案后，本文提出了一種直流側(cè)電壓外環(huán)、逆變器輸出電流內(nèi)環(huán)的雙閉環(huán)控制策略。通過(guò)對(duì)逆變器輸出電流內(nèi)環(huán)建立內(nèi)環(huán)電氣模型，并運(yùn)用理論分析與仿真驗(yàn)證，對(duì)比分析了電流內(nèi)環(huán)分別采用PI控制和無(wú)差拍控制時(shí)逆變器輸出性能的差異，最終本文逆變器輸出電流內(nèi)環(huán)確定采用無(wú)差拍控制的方法。然后對(duì)比分析了目前常用的幾種最大功率跟蹤算法，綜合考慮各種算法的優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)，從裝置實(shí)現(xiàn)的角度出發(fā)，提出了一種改進(jìn)的變步長(zhǎng)擾動(dòng)觀測(cè)法作為本文的最大功率跟蹤算法。最后，通過(guò)對(duì)比分析確定了一種被動(dòng)電壓/頻率檢測(cè)法的孤島檢測(cè)方案，并給出了詳細(xì)的軟件實(shí)現(xiàn)流程。 控制器系統(tǒng)硬件軟件設(shè)計(jì)與實(shí)現(xiàn)是本文研究的重點(diǎn)之一。文中首先就主要硬件電路，包括外圍采樣電路、過(guò)零捕獲電路、保護(hù)電路、串口通信電路等設(shè)計(jì)方法作了詳細(xì)介紹，，并給出了主要檢測(cè)元件參數(shù)的設(shè)計(jì)方法。然后設(shè)計(jì)了主程序、中斷程序、串口通信程序等軟件的詳細(xì)流程。 最后本文用PSIM軟件搭建了三相光伏逆變器的仿真模型，對(duì)其性能進(jìn)行了仿真驗(yàn)證。根據(jù)前文的設(shè)計(jì)，在實(shí)驗(yàn)室研制了一臺(tái)三相光伏并網(wǎng)逆變器樣機(jī)，并對(duì)其并網(wǎng)性能進(jìn)行了實(shí)驗(yàn)測(cè)試，驗(yàn)證了本文所設(shè)計(jì)電路結(jié)構(gòu)及控制算法的合理性。 本文研究設(shè)計(jì)內(nèi)容可以為各功率等級(jí)光伏逆變并網(wǎng)技術(shù)提供借鑒與參考。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of social economy, the demand for electricity is increasing, and the problems of energy shortage and environmental pollution are becoming more and more serious, which has promoted the research of renewable energy generation technology. Solar energy is inexhaustible and inexhaustible. The green environment protection, the development prospect is huge, therefore the photovoltaic generation becomes the research hot spot in recent years. This paper takes the three-phase photovoltaic inverter as the research object, from the engineering realization angle, has deeply studied the three-phase photovoltaic grid-connected inverter topology structure, The main circuit working principle and parameter design, grid-connected control method and hardware and software design based on DSP control system are designed, and a prototype of three-phase photovoltaic grid-connected inverter is developed. In this paper, the main circuit structure of photovoltaic grid-connected inverter system is analyzed, and the principle and characteristics of several common three-phase photovoltaic inverters are compared and analyzed. The main circuit of the three-phase photovoltaic grid-connected inverter system is defined as a single-stage non-isolated topology, and the design method of the main circuit components parameters such as DC side capacitance and inverter output filter inductance is discussed in detail. After determining the scheme of the main circuit of the system, this paper presents a double closed loop control strategy for the DC side voltage outer loop and the inverter output current inner loop, and establishes the internal loop electrical model for the inverter output current inner loop. By using theoretical analysis and simulation, the difference of output performance of inverter with Pi control and non-beat control in current inner loop is compared and analyzed. Finally, the output current inner loop of the inverter is determined by using the deadbeat control method. Then, several commonly used maximum power tracking algorithms are compared and analyzed, considering the advantages and disadvantages of the various algorithms, and from the point of view of the device implementation, An improved variable step size perturbation observation method is proposed as the maximum power tracking algorithm in this paper. Finally, a novel islanding detection scheme of passive voltage / frequency detection method is determined through comparative analysis, and a detailed software implementation flow is given. The design and implementation of hardware and software of controller system is one of the emphases of this paper. Firstly, the design methods of main hardware circuits, including peripheral sampling circuit, zero-crossing acquisition circuit, protection circuit, serial communication circuit and so on, are introduced in detail. Then the main program, interrupt program and serial communication program are designed. Finally, the simulation model of three-phase photovoltaic inverter is built with PSIM software, and its performance is verified by simulation. According to the design above, a prototype of three-phase photovoltaic grid-connected inverter is developed in the laboratory. The experimental results show that the circuit structure and the control algorithm are reasonable. The research and design of this paper can provide reference for grid-connected technology of photovoltaic inverter with different power levels.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：湖南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：TM464

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