基于三維自支撐的碳紙復合材料的制備及其儲電性能研究
發(fā)布時間:2018-03-25 15:30
本文選題:碳紙 切入點:三維復合材料 出處:《江西師范大學》2014年碩士論文
【摘要】:在環(huán)境污染嚴重能源緊缺的今天,世界各國都在尋求新的綠色能源。超級電容器因其充放電速度快、循環(huán)壽命長、環(huán)境污染少、節(jié)能、低成本等優(yōu)點而具有廣闊的應用前景,并引起了世界各國的廣泛關注。高性能電極材料的制備一直是超級電容器的研究中心。碳材料因其比表面積大、孔隙結構優(yōu)異、化學穩(wěn)定性好等優(yōu)點而一直是研究熱點。如碳納米管、石墨烯等,因其良好的導電性、大的比表面積、可控的孔結構等優(yōu)點而備受研究者的喜愛。但因其是粉末結構,在制備電極時需加粘結劑,從而使其電化學性能受限。為進一步降低生產(chǎn)成本,提高電活性物質利用率,尋求一種低成本、自支撐的電極材料越來越迫切。 濾紙經(jīng)過碳化得到的碳紙,不僅生產(chǎn)成本低廉、制備簡單、能大規(guī)模生產(chǎn),而且保持了自支撐的結構。本文以碳紙為基底,分別通過磷酸活化和低溫空氣活化制備了兩類活性碳紙;以及通過苯胺原位化學聚合制備了三維聚苯胺/碳紙復合材料,系統(tǒng)地研究了相關實驗條件對其電化學性能的影響。 具體工作主要包括以下三個方面的內(nèi)容: 1.以900℃碳化的濾紙(FP)為原料,經(jīng)過磷酸活化后得到一系列基于碳紙(CP)的活性碳材料。分別研究了活化溫度以及磷酸濃度對其電化學電容性能的影響。實驗結果顯示,當磷酸濃度為0.3M,活化溫度為900℃時得到的活性碳紙具有最佳的電化學電容性能。當充放電電流密度為0.5A/g時,其比電容量能達243.9F/g,在120A/g的大電流密度下,其比電容量仍能保持101.8F/g。在100A/g電流密度下,10000周期后,其比電容量穩(wěn)定無衰減。 2.以900℃碳化的濾紙為原料,經(jīng)過低溫空氣活化后,制備了一系列不同活化溫度(450℃,470℃,490℃)的活性碳紙電極材料。電化學測試結果表明,當活化溫度為490℃時,得到了最高的比電容(317.9F/g在0.5A/g),但在150A/g大的充放電電流密度下,比電容量僅有75.7F/g。而當活化溫度為470℃時,雖其比電容量為296.4A/g,但在150A/g大的電流密度下,其比電容仍能保持66.2%(196.1F/g)。在100A/g電流密度下,10000周期后,其比電容量穩(wěn)定無衰減。 3.以900℃碳化的濾紙作為基底,通過苯胺原位化學聚合在其上生長了聚苯胺(polyaniline)納米線,從而制得了三維聚苯胺/碳紙復合納米材料。實驗結果表明,當苯胺與過硫酸銨的濃度分別為0.01M,0.0025M,硫酸濃度為1.5M時,制備的復合材料具有最佳的形貌結構和電化學電容性能。當充放電電流密度為0.1A/g時,其比電容量達1090.8F/g,,在其電流密度擴大100倍以后,其比電容仍能保持386.9F/g。同時,在10A/g電流密度下,1000周期后,其比電容量僅衰減16%。
[Abstract]:Nowadays, when the environment pollution is serious and energy is short, the countries all over the world are looking for new green energy. Supercapacitors have a broad application prospect because of their advantages such as fast charge and discharge speed, long cycle life, less environmental pollution, energy saving, low cost and so on. The preparation of high performance electrode materials has been the research center of supercapacitors. Carbon materials have excellent pore structure due to their large specific surface area. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs), graphene and so on have been a hot research topic for their good electrical conductivity, large specific surface area, controllable pore structure and so on. In order to further reduce the production cost and improve the utilization of electroactive substances, it is more and more urgent to find a kind of low cost and self-supporting electrode material in order to further reduce the production cost and improve the utilization rate of electroactive substances by adding binder to the electrode to limit its electrochemical performance. The carbon paper obtained by carbonization of filter paper not only has the advantages of low cost, simple preparation and large scale production, but also maintains a self-supporting structure. Two kinds of activated carbon paper were prepared by phosphoric acid activation and low temperature air activation, and three dimensional Polyaniline / carbon paper composites were prepared by in situ chemical polymerization of aniline. The specific work mainly includes the following three aspects:. 1. A series of activated carbon materials were prepared by phosphoric acid activation with carbonized filter paper FP1 at 900 鈩
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