本文選題：風(fēng)電場　切入點：雙饋風(fēng)電機組　出處：《上海電力學(xué)院》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：面對傳統(tǒng)化石能源的日益枯竭和能源開發(fā)利用造成的環(huán)境污染，能源和環(huán)境成為社會發(fā)展急需解決的問題，風(fēng)能以儲量大、清潔、可再生等優(yōu)點得到廣泛使用，利用風(fēng)能的發(fā)電技術(shù)得到快速發(fā)展，大規(guī)模風(fēng)電場不斷出現(xiàn)。風(fēng)電接入電網(wǎng)對電網(wǎng)的安全穩(wěn)定運行帶來重大挑戰(zhàn)，其中風(fēng)電接入電網(wǎng)的無功控制和電壓穩(wěn)定問題是最受關(guān)注和急需解決的問題。 我國新建的風(fēng)電場多采用變速恒頻雙饋感應(yīng)風(fēng)電機組，該機組已成為國內(nèi)主流風(fēng)電機型，本文針對雙饋風(fēng)電場接入系統(tǒng)引起的電壓穩(wěn)定問題對風(fēng)電場的無功控制和電壓穩(wěn)定展開研究。 首先，本文分析了風(fēng)速模型和風(fēng)力機的氣動特性，并介紹了雙饋感應(yīng)風(fēng)力機的數(shù)學(xué)模型，討論了雙饋風(fēng)電機組的功率傳輸特性，根據(jù)數(shù)學(xué)模型和功率傳輸特性計算出雙饋風(fēng)機的無功極限，分析了雙饋風(fēng)機的運行控制區(qū)域和運行控制方式。 其次，本文分析了風(fēng)電場中風(fēng)機的尾流效應(yīng)影響，根據(jù)尾流效應(yīng)對風(fēng)機劃群，考慮等值前后的功率損耗和電壓降落相同提出了一種平坦地區(qū)風(fēng)電場的動態(tài)等值計算方法，探討了并網(wǎng)風(fēng)電場的電壓穩(wěn)定研究方法。對某風(fēng)電場進行仿真研究，，通過風(fēng)電場靜態(tài)電壓穩(wěn)定分析得到風(fēng)電場薄弱母線，并對雙饋風(fēng)電機組的恒電壓運行方式和恒功率運行方式在暫態(tài)中的影響進行分析討論。 由于風(fēng)電場有功出力隨風(fēng)速變化具有隨機性和波動性，風(fēng)電場發(fā)出或吸收無功將隨有功出力波動變化，風(fēng)電場將對其所接入的弱電網(wǎng)產(chǎn)生電壓波動。本文分析了無功和電壓關(guān)系以及風(fēng)電場各元件的無功消耗，并討論了風(fēng)電場所使用的無功電壓調(diào)節(jié)設(shè)備的特點。然后，本文綜合利用靜止同步補償器快速、連續(xù)的無功調(diào)節(jié)能力和雙饋風(fēng)電機組的動態(tài)無功發(fā)生能力提出了一種兩級無功電壓協(xié)調(diào)控制策略，以實現(xiàn)動態(tài)補償風(fēng)電場無功，進而穩(wěn)定系統(tǒng)節(jié)點電壓。 最后，本文通過算例驗證了風(fēng)電場無功電壓控制策略的有效性，證明該策略能夠抑制風(fēng)速引起電壓波動，系統(tǒng)電壓跌落時能起到一定的電壓支撐能力。
[Abstract]:In the face of the environmental pollution caused by the depletion of traditional fossil energy and the exploitation and utilization of energy, energy and environment have become an urgent problem for social development. Wind energy has been widely used with the advantages of large reserves, clean and renewable, etc. With the rapid development of wind power generation technology, large-scale wind farms continue to emerge. Connecting wind power to the power grid poses a major challenge to the safe and stable operation of the grid. The problem of reactive power control and voltage stability of wind power connected to power grid is the most concerned and urgent problem. Most of the new wind farms in China use variable speed constant frequency doubly-fed induction wind turbines, which have become the mainstream wind turbines in China. In this paper, the reactive power control and voltage stability of wind farm are studied for the voltage stability problem caused by doubly-fed wind farm access system. Firstly, this paper analyzes the wind speed model and the aerodynamic characteristics of the wind turbine, introduces the mathematical model of the doubly-fed induction wind turbine, and discusses the power transmission characteristics of the doubly-fed wind turbine. According to the mathematical model and power transmission characteristics, the reactive power limit of doubly-fed fan is calculated, and the operation control area and operation control mode of doubly-fed fan are analyzed. Secondly, the influence of wind turbine wake effect in wind farm is analyzed. According to the wake effect, considering the same power loss and voltage drop before and after equivalence, a dynamic equivalent calculation method of wind farm in flat area is put forward. The research method of voltage stability of grid-connected wind farm is discussed. The weak busbar of wind farm is obtained through static voltage stability analysis of wind farm. The influence of constant voltage operation mode and constant power operation mode on transient state of doubly-fed wind turbine is analyzed and discussed. Due to the randomness and volatility of the active power output with the wind speed, the reactive power emitted or absorbed by the wind farm will fluctuate with the active power output. Wind farm will produce voltage fluctuation to the weak network connected to it. This paper analyzes the relationship between reactive power and voltage and the reactive power consumption of each element of wind farm, and discusses the characteristics of reactive power and voltage regulating equipment used in wind farm. In this paper, a two-stage reactive power and voltage coordinated control strategy is proposed to realize the dynamic compensation of reactive power in wind farm by using the fast, continuous reactive power regulation ability of static synchronous compensator and the dynamic reactive power generation ability of doubly-fed wind turbine. Then the system node voltage is stabilized. Finally, the effectiveness of reactive power and voltage control strategy in wind farm is verified by an example. It is proved that the strategy can restrain the voltage fluctuation caused by wind speed and play a certain voltage supporting capacity when the system voltage drops.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：上海電力學(xué)院
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TM614

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