本文選題：風(fēng)力發(fā)電　切入點：雙饋發(fā)電機　出處：《武漢大學(xué)》2014年博士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：風(fēng)能發(fā)電經(jīng)過半個多世紀(jì)的研究和應(yīng)用,并網(wǎng)型風(fēng)力發(fā)電技術(shù)取得了長足的進步。雙饋異步風(fēng)力發(fā)電機系統(tǒng)具有功率變頻器容量小、有功功率與無功功率可以實現(xiàn)解耦調(diào)節(jié)、轉(zhuǎn)速可調(diào)范圍廣等特點,在現(xiàn)代風(fēng)電產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展過程中,得到廣泛的應(yīng)用。雙饋風(fēng)力發(fā)電機組能較好的實現(xiàn)將風(fēng)能轉(zhuǎn)換為電能的基本功能,對能源結(jié)構(gòu)的優(yōu)化調(diào)整的作用逐漸顯現(xiàn)。隨著雙饋風(fēng)力發(fā)電機組的單機容量的不斷增大,提高機組發(fā)電效率成為風(fēng)電行業(yè)的重點研究問題；隨著風(fēng)電在一次能源發(fā)電所占的比例逐步升高,風(fēng)力發(fā)電的隨機性和波動性會影響電網(wǎng)的穩(wěn)定性,電網(wǎng)對風(fēng)力發(fā)電機組的要求也越來越高。 本文首先總結(jié)了國內(nèi)外風(fēng)能利用和風(fēng)力發(fā)電發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀和風(fēng)力發(fā)電產(chǎn)業(yè)化狀況,分析和闡述風(fēng)力發(fā)電技術(shù)特點和熱點研究問題,提出了本文的選題背景和選題意義。然后分析了變速恒頻的雙饋異步風(fēng)力發(fā)電機的數(shù)學(xué)模型和控制原理,建立了雙饋風(fēng)力發(fā)電機在兩相旋轉(zhuǎn)坐標(biāo)系下的數(shù)學(xué)模型。在建立的數(shù)學(xué)模型的基礎(chǔ)上,分別對雙饋風(fēng)力發(fā)電機的最大風(fēng)能捕捉；不平衡電網(wǎng)電壓下雙饋風(fēng)力發(fā)電機的諧波抑制；電網(wǎng)低電壓故障下,雙饋風(fēng)力發(fā)電機組的低電壓穿越技術(shù)展開研究。 研究了風(fēng)力發(fā)電機組的最大風(fēng)能捕捉機理,分析現(xiàn)有控制方法和和最大風(fēng)力捕捉策略。指出現(xiàn)有最大風(fēng)能捕捉主要控制對象為發(fā)電機,忽略了風(fēng)力機槳距角調(diào)節(jié)可提高風(fēng)力發(fā)電機組最大風(fēng)能捕捉效果的作用。將變槳系統(tǒng)引入最大風(fēng)能捕捉控制閉環(huán),闡述引入的原因和方法,提出了一種基于微距變槳極值法變速雙饋異步風(fēng)力發(fā)電機組的最大風(fēng)能捕捉策略。通過試驗對所提出的控制策略進行了驗證,試驗結(jié)果驗證了所提控制策略的優(yōu)越性。 分析了不平衡電壓下雙饋異步風(fēng)力發(fā)電機的響應(yīng)特性,研究了不平衡電網(wǎng)電壓對風(fēng)力發(fā)電機定子、轉(zhuǎn)子、網(wǎng)側(cè)變頻器電流和直流母線的影響,得出在不對稱電網(wǎng)電壓下,變頻器電流控制環(huán)偏離設(shè)計控制工況會產(chǎn)生控制偏差,導(dǎo)致轉(zhuǎn)子電流中包含明顯的諧波分量,導(dǎo)致直流母線電壓也產(chǎn)生震蕩,使網(wǎng)側(cè)變頻器電流輸出電流波形發(fā)生畸變�；诂F(xiàn)有變頻器的控制算法,提出了一種基于陷波濾波的改進型矢量控制策略,分別對網(wǎng)側(cè)和機器變頻器電流控制環(huán)dq軸中的交流分量進行了濾波,消除了變頻器在偏離設(shè)計工況下的控制輸出的震蕩。通過仿真計算,驗證了所提出控制策略有效的抑制雙饋風(fēng)力發(fā)電機的諧波。 分析了雙饋風(fēng)力發(fā)電機組的低電壓故障的暫態(tài)過程,重點探討了電網(wǎng)低電壓下的轉(zhuǎn)子故障電流的暫態(tài)過程,轉(zhuǎn)子故障電流分解為兩部分,一部分是跌落后的穩(wěn)態(tài)電流,另外一部分是隨時間衰減的電流。轉(zhuǎn)子電流在電網(wǎng)電壓跌落時快速上升,此故障電流可達到額定電流的3-5倍,可超過機側(cè)變頻器的過流能力。故障電流會隨時間衰減,可降至機側(cè)變頻器電流容量以下,可啟動變頻器恢復(fù)風(fēng)力發(fā)電機的勵磁調(diào)節(jié)。結(jié)合對現(xiàn)有的雙饋發(fā)電機低電壓穿越方案的分析,提出了基于DBR的交直流復(fù)用Crowbar低電壓穿越控制方案。所提出方案在發(fā)電機轉(zhuǎn)子側(cè)與直流母線之間增加一組不可控整流橋。對電壓輕度跌落故障,風(fēng)力發(fā)電機為背靠背變頻連接,低電壓穿越工作在直流Crowbar方法,故障過程持續(xù)全可控,通過勵磁調(diào)節(jié)對定子側(cè)功率進行控制,實現(xiàn)低電壓穿越全過程持續(xù)向電網(wǎng)提供無功支撐；對電壓深度跌落故障,故障前期機側(cè)變頻器因故障切除運行,通過增加的不可控整流橋單元替代機側(cè)變頻器輸送轉(zhuǎn)子故障能量至直流母線,低電壓穿越工作在交流Crowbar方式,規(guī)避了機側(cè)變頻器過流能力不足的缺陷。隨故障電流下降,機側(cè)變頻器重啟,風(fēng)力發(fā)電機恢復(fù)交直交變頻連接,低電壓穿越工作在直流Crowbar方式,提高了雙饋風(fēng)力發(fā)電機組在電網(wǎng)電壓深度跌落低電壓穿越能力。所提出方案通過Crowbar工作方式自動切換,實現(xiàn)了風(fēng)力發(fā)電機組對不同深度電網(wǎng)電壓跌落的低電壓穿越,提高了雙饋風(fēng)力發(fā)電機組的低電壓穿越能力,故障期間無功的支撐滿足電網(wǎng)導(dǎo)致的要求。 最后,系統(tǒng)的總結(jié)了本文主要研究成果,并指出了進一步研究的方向。
[Abstract]:The research and application of wind power after more than half a century of wind power generation technology has made considerable progress. The doubly fed induction generator system with power inverter capacity is small, can realize decoupling regulation of active power and reactive power, speed adjustable range and other characteristics, in the process of development of modern wind power industry. Has been widely used. To achieve a better convert wind energy into electrical energy to the basic function of doubly fed wind turbine generator system, to optimize the energy structure adjustment effect gradually. With the capacity of doubly fed wind power generation unit is increasing, improve the efficiency of power generation unit has become the focus of research on wind power industry with the wind; for an electric energy generation proportion gradually increased, the randomness and volatility of wind power grid stability requirements for wind turbine power grid is more and more high.
This paper first summarizes the utilization of wind energy and wind power and wind power industry development situation, analyzes and expounds the characteristics of wind power generation technology and the hot research problems, put forward the background and significance of the topic. Then the analysis of the mathematical model and control principle of DFIG VSCF, establishes the mathematical model of doubly fed wind power generator in the two-phase rotating coordinate system. The mathematical model is established based on the maximum wind power, respectively for DFIG capture; unbalanced harmonic suppression of doubly fed wind power generator under grid voltage; low voltage power grid fault, DFIG LVRT technology research.
Research on the maximum wind energy capture unit mechanism, analysis method and capture maximum wind current control strategy. The maximum wind capture the main control object for the generator, ignoring the wind turbine pitch angle control can improve the wind turbine maximum wind capture effect. The pitch system introduced the maximum wind power capture control loop, this the reasons and methods of introducing, proposes a maximum wind power pitch extremum method based on macro variable speed DFIG capture strategy. Through the test to verify the proposed control strategy, experimental results verify the superiority of the proposed control strategy.
Analysis of the unbalance response characteristics of doubly fed asynchronous wind generator voltage, the unbalanced grid voltage of the wind generator stator, rotor, influence of grid side converter current and DC bus, the unbalanced grid voltage, the inverter current control loop from design control conditions will produce control deviation, lead containing harmonic component significantly the rotor current, causing the DC bus voltage also produces shock, make network side of the inverter output current waveform distortion. The existing control algorithm based on the inverter, this paper proposes an improved vector control strategy based on notch filter, respectively, on the network side and the inverter current control loop machine AC component of DQ axis filter, eliminates the control output of inverter in off design condition of shock. Through simulation, the proposed control strategy of double effective suppression The harmonic of the wind power generator.
Analysis of the transient process of low voltage fault of doubly fed wind turbines, focusing on the transient process of rotor fault current of power grid low voltage of the rotor fault current is decomposed into two parts, one part is the steady state current after the fall, the other part is the current decay with time. The rotor current rapid increase in the grid voltage drop, 3-5 times the rated current of the fault current can be achieved, can be more than machine side converter over-current capability. The fault current will decay with time, can be reduced to the current capacity of the machine side converter, excitation frequency converter start recovery wind generator regulation. Combining with the analysis of the doubly fed generator low voltage ride through the existing scheme. The AC / DC low voltage across the DBR multiplexing Crowbar control scheme based on the proposed scheme for adding a group of controlled rectifier bridge between the rotor side of the generator and the DC bus of electric. The pressure drop of mild fault, the wind generator is connected to the low voltage ride through back-to-back inverter, DC in the Crowbar method, the failure process for all controllable by adjusting excitation control of the stator power, through the implementation of the whole process lasted to the grid to provide reactive power support low voltage drop of voltage; fault depth, fault pre machine side converter for the fault clearing operation, by increasing the uncontrolled rectifier unit instead of machine side converter transmission rotor fault energy to the DC bus, low voltage ride through work in the exchange of Crowbar, to avoid the defect of insufficient ability of the machine side flow through the frequency converter. With the decline of the fault current, restart the machine side converter, wind power generator recovery AC-DC-AC converter connection, low voltage through working in DC Crowbar, improve the doubly fed wind turbine in the power grid voltage drop depth of low voltage ride through capability of the proposed party. The case is automatically switched by Crowbar operation mode, which realizes low voltage ride through of wind turbines to voltage sag in different depths, improves the low voltage ride through capability of doubly fed wind generators, and supports reactive power during failure to meet the requirements of power grid.
Finally, the main research results of this paper are summarized, and the direction of further research is pointed out.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：武漢大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TM315

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