本文選題：異步電機(jī)　切入點(diǎn)：關(guān)斷角　出處：《浙江工業(yè)大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：三相異步電動(dòng)機(jī)消耗的電能占我國(guó)總耗電量的40%以上,其中有60%的電動(dòng)機(jī)運(yùn)行效率低下,從而造成大量的電能浪費(fèi)。三相異步電動(dòng)機(jī)由于其自身構(gòu)造的原因,在輕載或者空載工況下,其損耗占據(jù)電動(dòng)機(jī)所消耗電能總量的很大一部分。通過適當(dāng)?shù)慕祲嚎刂品椒?可以保證輸出功率不變,并且有效的減少損耗,提高電機(jī)運(yùn)行效率。在當(dāng)前能源日益緊張的背景下,具有廣泛的應(yīng)用前景和現(xiàn)實(shí)意義。本文對(duì)三相異步電動(dòng)機(jī)的降壓控制提出了具體的實(shí)現(xiàn)方法,內(nèi)容包括：第一,本文通過分析異步電動(dòng)機(jī)的運(yùn)行方式,得到了電機(jī)的T型等效電路。從等效電路模型中可以分析得到定子端電壓與損耗成正比例關(guān)系。通過電機(jī)空載和滿載情況下電機(jī)效率與功率因數(shù)的關(guān)系,可以推理出一般負(fù)載情況下電機(jī)效率和功率因數(shù)之間的關(guān)系,從而推斷出適當(dāng)降壓可以減少電機(jī)損耗,提高電機(jī)運(yùn)行效率。第二,電機(jī)的定子端電壓與電機(jī)當(dāng)前的功率因數(shù)和晶閘管關(guān)斷角有關(guān),任意一個(gè)變量的改變將影響到其他兩個(gè)數(shù)值。通過模糊控制的方法,將功率因數(shù)及其變化率作為變量,得到關(guān)斷角,從而可以確定定子端電壓的大小,以此切削電壓。第三,為了驗(yàn)證控制方法的可行性,在第2章?lián)p耗分析和第3章控制方法的基礎(chǔ)上,搭建了MATLAB\SIMULINK的仿真模型,通過仿真驗(yàn)證了電機(jī)節(jié)電器的有效性和實(shí)用性。第四,基于第3章提出的方法,設(shè)計(jì)了實(shí)際可行的軟硬件實(shí)施方案。硬件系統(tǒng)里包括了以32位ARM處理器為核心的硬件最小系統(tǒng),電壓電流過零及A\D檢測(cè),晶閘管觸發(fā)電路,串口收發(fā)電路和一些其他的硬件電路。軟件層面,需要精確計(jì)算A\D轉(zhuǎn)換得出的電壓和電流值,以得到功率因數(shù)和功率因數(shù)變化率,然后需要編寫模糊控制函數(shù),以準(zhǔn)確得到晶閘管關(guān)斷角數(shù)值,以此控制晶閘管切削電壓。最后,通過實(shí)際控制電機(jī)的實(shí)驗(yàn),驗(yàn)證了本文提出方案的可行性。
[Abstract]:The three-phase asynchronous motor consumes more than 40% of the total power consumption in China, among which 60% of the motor is inefficient, thus causing a lot of power waste. Under light load or no load condition, the loss takes up a large part of the total electric energy consumed by the motor. Through the proper voltage control method, the output power can be kept unchanged and the loss can be reduced effectively. Under the background of increasing energy sources, it has wide application prospect and practical significance. In this paper, the realization method of voltage control of three-phase asynchronous motor is put forward. The main contents are as follows: first, In this paper, the operation mode of asynchronous motor is analyzed. The T-type equivalent circuit of the motor is obtained. From the equivalent circuit model, the positive relationship between the stator terminal voltage and the loss can be obtained, and the relationship between the motor efficiency and the power factor under the condition of no load and full load is obtained. We can infer the relationship between motor efficiency and power factor under normal load, and infer that proper voltage reduction can reduce motor loss and improve motor operation efficiency. Second, The stator terminal voltage of the motor is related to the current power factor of the motor and the turn-off angle of the thyristor. The change of any one variable will affect the other two values. By the method of fuzzy control, the power factor and its rate of change are taken as variables. In order to verify the feasibility of the control method, the simulation model of MATLAB\ SIMULINK is built on the basis of the loss analysis in Chapter 2 and the control method in Chapter 3. The validity and practicability of motor economizer are verified by simulation. Fourthly, based on the method proposed in Chapter 3, a practical hardware and software implementation scheme is designed. The hardware system includes a minimum hardware system with 32-bit ARM processor as the core. Voltage and current zero-crossing and A\ D detection, thyristor trigger circuit, serial transceiver circuit and some other hardware circuits. At the software level, the voltage and current values obtained from A\ D conversion need to be accurately calculated to obtain the power factor and the power factor change rate. Then it is necessary to write fuzzy control function to get the value of thyristor turn-off angle accurately, so as to control the cutting voltage of thyristor. Finally, the feasibility of the proposed scheme is verified by the experiment of actual motor control.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：浙江工業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：TM343.2

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本文編號(hào)：1648569