本文選題：超級電容器　切入點(diǎn)：電極材料　出處：《蘭州理工大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：超級電容器是性能介于傳統(tǒng)電容器和電池之間的一種新型儲能裝置,電極材料是超級電容器研究的核心組成部分。Co、Ni等過渡金屬氧化物由于具有較高的比電容和能量密度且價格低廉、容易制備,近年來已成為超級電容器電極材料的研究熱點(diǎn)。在實(shí)際應(yīng)用中,Co、Ni等過渡金屬氧化物的微納米結(jié)構(gòu)如晶粒大小、晶體形貌是影響和決定其電化學(xué)性能的關(guān)鍵參數(shù)。本論文采用液相沉淀法分別制備了C0304和Co3O4-NiO復(fù)合氧化物納米材料,利用相關(guān)的分析測試手段對材料的晶型結(jié)構(gòu)、形貌等進(jìn)行了表征,對Co、Ni等過渡金屬氧化物構(gòu)成的電極材料進(jìn)行了循環(huán)伏安、恒流充放電及交流阻抗等電化學(xué)性能測試,此外,對Co2+摻雜聚苯胺復(fù)合薄膜的耐腐蝕性能進(jìn)行了初步研究。主要研究內(nèi)容如下： (1)采用簡單的液相沉淀法制備前驅(qū)體,經(jīng)煅燒得到無定形具有疏松片狀結(jié)構(gòu)的納米C0304電極材料。研究了晶型導(dǎo)向劑、反應(yīng)時間及反應(yīng)溫度等因素對C0304電極材料的電化學(xué)性能的影響。結(jié)果表明,以[Na2(PO3)]6為晶型導(dǎo)向劑制備的C0304納米材料,在電流密度為5mA·cm-2下放電比電容為851.67F·g-1,在常溫下經(jīng)過250次循環(huán)充放電后的比電容衰減率為10.05%,表現(xiàn)出良好的電化學(xué)穩(wěn)定特性。 (2)以鈷鹽與鎳鹽為原料,用水-乙醇混合溶液作為反應(yīng)溶劑,采用液相沉淀法一步合成復(fù)合氧化物前驅(qū)體,經(jīng)焙燒后得到Co3O4-NiO納米復(fù)合氧化物�？疾炝蒜捙c鎳的摩爾比、溶劑體積比、前驅(qū)體熱處理溫度以及表面活性劑等因素對復(fù)合氧化物電極材料微觀形貌和比電容的影響。結(jié)果表明,當(dāng)鈷與鎳的摩爾比為(1：1),水與乙醇體積比為(1：2)時,在電流密度為2mA·cm-2下的恒流充放電測試,得到復(fù)合物電極材料的比電容為1832F·g-,并且常溫下經(jīng)過1000次循環(huán)充放電之后其比電容衰減率僅為1.863%, Co3O4-NiO復(fù)合氧化物表現(xiàn)出優(yōu)異的電化學(xué)性能和良好的循環(huán)穩(wěn)定性。 (3)以Co2+作為摻雜劑,電化學(xué)合成Co2+摻雜聚苯胺(PANI/Co2+)復(fù)合薄膜,利用FT-IR、XRD等測試手段對其結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行表征。研究了Co2+對循環(huán)伏安電合成聚苯胺膜的影響和PANI/Co2+復(fù)合薄膜的耐腐蝕性能。結(jié)果表明,Co2+的摻雜濃度會影口PANI膜的耐腐蝕性,PANI/Co2+復(fù)合薄膜的腐蝕電位相對于單純的PANI薄膜的腐蝕電位發(fā)生明顯的正移且腐蝕電流密度顯著降低,表現(xiàn)出較好的耐腐蝕性。
[Abstract]:Supercapacitors are a new type of energy storage device whose performance is between conventional capacitors and batteries. Electrode material is the core component of supercapacitor research. Because of its high specific capacitance and energy density and low price, transition metal oxides such as Cotinie are easy to be prepared. In recent years, it has become a hotspot in the research of electrode materials for supercapacitors. The crystal morphology is the key parameter to influence and determine the electrochemical performance. In this paper, C0304 and Co3O4-NiO composite oxide nanomaterials were prepared by liquid-phase precipitation method. The electrochemical properties of the electrode materials made of transition metal oxides such as Co-Ni were measured by cyclic voltammetry, constant current charge-discharge and AC impedance. The corrosion resistance of Co2 doped Polyaniline composite film was studied. The precursor was prepared by a simple liquid precipitation method, and the amorphous C0304 electrode material with loose flake structure was obtained by calcination. The effects of reaction time and reaction temperature on the electrochemical properties of C0304 electrode materials were studied. The results showed that the C0304 nanomaterials were prepared with [Na _ 2PO _ 3] _ 6 as crystal guide. At the current density of 5 Ma 路cm-2, the specific capacitance is 851.67 F 路g-1, and the attenuation rate of the specific capacitance after 250 cycles at room temperature is 10.05, showing good electrochemical stability. Using cobalt salt and nickel salt as raw materials and water-ethanol mixed solution as reaction solvent, composite oxide precursor was synthesized by liquid-phase precipitation method. After calcination, Co3O4-NiO nano-composite oxide was obtained. The molar ratio of cobalt to nickel was investigated. The effects of solvent volume ratio, precursor heat treatment temperature and surfactant on the micromorphology and specific capacitance of composite oxide electrode materials were investigated. The results show that the molar ratio of cobalt to nickel is 1: 1 / 1, and the volume ratio of water to ethanol is 1: 2). Constant current charge and discharge measurements at a current density of 2 Ma 路cm-2. The specific capacitance of the composite electrode material is 1832F g-and the specific capacitance attenuation rate of the composite electrode material is only 1.863 after 1000 cycles at room temperature. The Co3O4-NiO composite oxide exhibits excellent electrochemical performance and good cyclic stability. (3) Co2 doped Polyaniline / Pani / Co _ 2 composite films were synthesized by electrochemical synthesis with Co2 as dopant. The structure of Polyaniline film was characterized by FT-IR XRD. The effect of Co2 on the synthesis of Polyaniline film by cyclic voltammetry and the corrosion resistance of PANI/Co2 composite film were studied. The results show that the doping concentration of Co 2 will influence the corrosion resistance of PANI film. The corrosion potential of the composite film is obviously positive shift and the corrosion current density is significantly lower than that of the pure PANI film. Show good corrosion resistance.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：蘭州理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：O646;TM53

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