本文選題：超聲電機(jī)　切入點(diǎn)：電學(xué)模型　出處：《哈爾濱工業(yè)大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：隨著科學(xué)技術(shù)的進(jìn)步,尤其是現(xiàn)代工業(yè)的興起,對(duì)電機(jī)的要求不再只是提供動(dòng)力,還對(duì)其提出了許多新的要求,諸如體積小,低噪音,抗電磁干擾和大扭矩等,由于傳統(tǒng)電動(dòng)機(jī)自身的缺陷已很難滿足這些新的要求。為此,國(guó)內(nèi)外的許多學(xué)者都在努力研究各式新型電機(jī),其中最典型的一種新型電機(jī)就是超聲電機(jī)(Ultrasonic Motor,簡(jiǎn)稱USM)。超聲電機(jī)具有結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)單緊湊、響應(yīng)快、電磁兼容性和控制性能好等優(yōu)點(diǎn),已在航空航天、醫(yī)療器械、精密儀器、機(jī)器人等多個(gè)領(lǐng)域得到廣泛的應(yīng)用。本文以壓電元件的逆壓電效應(yīng)為理論依據(jù),通過(guò)振動(dòng)方程詳細(xì)闡述了直線超聲電機(jī)的運(yùn)動(dòng)機(jī)理,并利用ANSYS有限元分析軟件對(duì)電機(jī)定子進(jìn)行建模及仿真分析,仿真包括模態(tài)分析和諧響應(yīng)分析,從而得到電機(jī)定子的模態(tài)和最佳振動(dòng)頻率,驗(yàn)證電機(jī)運(yùn)動(dòng)原理的正確性。然后,根據(jù)壓電換能理論,提出了超聲電機(jī)定子的等效電學(xué)模型,利用電學(xué)量來(lái)表征機(jī)械量,這樣便于驅(qū)動(dòng)電路的設(shè)計(jì)和研究,利用導(dǎo)納圓法對(duì)等效電路的四個(gè)參數(shù)進(jìn)行粗計(jì)算,然后利用非線性最小二乘優(yōu)化算法對(duì)參數(shù)進(jìn)行精確計(jì)算,在通過(guò)所得的計(jì)算參數(shù)完成匹配電路的設(shè)計(jì),并對(duì)整個(gè)電路進(jìn)行仿真分析。同時(shí),本文根據(jù)理論分析的結(jié)果提出了軟硬件的設(shè)計(jì)要求,并根據(jù)需求給出了軟硬件具體的設(shè)計(jì)方案。其硬件部分分為主控電路和驅(qū)動(dòng)電路兩部分。其主控電路的芯片是以ARM為內(nèi)核的STM32芯片,負(fù)責(zé)信號(hào)發(fā)生,電機(jī)測(cè)速、通信等功能,驅(qū)動(dòng)部分則主要采用以場(chǎng)效應(yīng)管和變壓器為主的逆變放大電路,在經(jīng)過(guò)匹配環(huán)節(jié)最終驅(qū)動(dòng)電機(jī)。其軟件部分主要包括PWM信號(hào)發(fā)生部分,電機(jī)測(cè)速部分,通訊部分,電機(jī)位置控制部分。最后,完成其實(shí)驗(yàn)平臺(tái)的搭建,對(duì)硬件設(shè)備進(jìn)行了調(diào)試,測(cè)試了超聲電機(jī)實(shí)驗(yàn)樣機(jī),通過(guò)一系列的實(shí)驗(yàn)驗(yàn)證了硬件設(shè)備的可靠、穩(wěn)定的工作性能,也驗(yàn)證了超聲電機(jī)樣機(jī)設(shè)計(jì)的合理性和可行性。
[Abstract]:With the development of science and technology, especially the rise of modern industry, the demand for motor is not only to provide power, but also to put forward many new requirements, such as small size, low noise, anti-electromagnetic interference and large torque, etc. Because of the defects of the traditional motor itself, it is difficult to meet these new requirements. For this reason, many scholars at home and abroad are working hard to study various new types of motors. The most typical new type of motor is ultrasonic motor. Ultrasonic motor has the advantages of simple and compact structure, fast response, good electromagnetic compatibility and good control performance. It has been used in aerospace, medical equipment, precision instruments, etc. Robot has been widely used in many fields. Based on the inverse piezoelectric effect of piezoelectric element, the motion mechanism of linear ultrasonic motor is described in detail by vibration equation in this paper. ANSYS finite element analysis software is used to model and simulate the motor stator. The simulation includes modal analysis and harmonic response analysis, so as to obtain the mode and optimal vibration frequency of the motor stator, and verify the correctness of the motor motion principle. According to the theory of piezoelectric energy transfer, the equivalent electrical model of ultrasonic motor stator is proposed. The mechanical quantity is characterized by electrical quantity, which is convenient for the design and research of driving circuit, and the four parameters of equivalent circuit are roughly calculated by admittance circle method. Then the nonlinear least square optimization algorithm is used to calculate the parameters accurately, the matching circuit is designed by the calculated parameters, and the whole circuit is simulated and analyzed. According to the results of theoretical analysis, the design requirements of hardware and software are put forward in this paper. The hardware part is divided into two parts: main control circuit and drive circuit. The main control circuit chip is STM32 chip with ARM core, which is responsible for signal generation, motor speed measurement, communication and other functions. The driving part mainly uses the inverter amplifier circuit, which is based on FET and transformer, and finally drives the motor after matching link. The software part mainly includes the PWM signal generation part, the motor speed measurement part, the communication part. Finally, the construction of the experimental platform is completed, the hardware equipment is debugged, the ultrasonic motor experimental prototype is tested, and the reliable and stable working performance of the hardware is verified through a series of experiments. The rationality and feasibility of ultrasonic motor prototype design are also verified.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：哈爾濱工業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：TM359.4

【共引文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前2條

1 姜楠;林云生;劉俊標(biāo);韓立;;基于DDS的超聲電機(jī)驅(qū)動(dòng)電源的研究[J];電子器件;2007年01期

2 金立峰;;復(fù)合型超聲波電機(jī)的設(shè)計(jì)制作及控制分析[J];電子制作;2014年02期

相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前10條

1 譚冠龍;基于DDS的超聲電機(jī)驅(qū)動(dòng)電源的研制[D];電子科技大學(xué);2011年

2 劉應(yīng)紅;超聲波電機(jī)的運(yùn)行機(jī)理及其驅(qū)動(dòng)電源的研究[D];華僑大學(xué);2006年

3 張愛(ài)云;超聲物料輸送裝置的驅(qū)動(dòng)系統(tǒng)研究[D];遼寧工學(xué)院;2007年

4 張茂竹;可用于OCT系統(tǒng)的全光纖高速延遲掃描方法與實(shí)驗(yàn)研究[D];哈爾濱工程大學(xué);2008年

5 劉清;壓電超聲結(jié)構(gòu)非線性動(dòng)力學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)研究[D];天津大學(xué);2008年

6 王龍帥;基于DDS的超聲波電機(jī)驅(qū)動(dòng)控制研究[D];河南科技大學(xué);2009年

7 榮興漢;基于DDS技術(shù)的超聲波電機(jī)驅(qū)動(dòng)技術(shù)研究[D];華中科技大學(xué);2008年

8 劉強(qiáng);超聲波電機(jī)建模和驅(qū)動(dòng)控制研究[D];武漢理工大學(xué);2013年

9 張帆;行波型超聲電機(jī)穩(wěn)定性及其控制策略研究[D];重慶大學(xué);2013年

10 劉嬋娟;一種新型旋轉(zhuǎn)超聲電機(jī)驅(qū)動(dòng)控制試驗(yàn)系統(tǒng)[D];集美大學(xué);2014年

，

本文編號(hào)：1609542