本文選題：鉛酸蓄電池　切入點(diǎn)：DC/DC轉(zhuǎn)換電路　出處：《華僑大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：太陽能是一種綠色可再生能源，具有無污染、無噪音、無需生產(chǎn)原料等優(yōu)點(diǎn)，太陽能的應(yīng)用已經(jīng)成為新能源領(lǐng)域的研究熱點(diǎn)。光伏發(fā)電是人類利用太陽能的一種最主要的方式，進(jìn)入二十一世紀(jì)后，光伏產(chǎn)業(yè)在世界各國都得到了迅猛發(fā)展。然而，目前太陽能電池的生產(chǎn)成本仍然比較高、轉(zhuǎn)換效率較低，為了更有效的利用太陽能，提高光伏發(fā)電系統(tǒng)的轉(zhuǎn)換效率，采用最大功率跟蹤技術(shù)就尤為必要。 光伏發(fā)電系統(tǒng)中太陽能電池直接將太陽能轉(zhuǎn)變成電能。太陽能電池輸出特性受光照強(qiáng)度、環(huán)境溫度和負(fù)載情況影響，具有明顯的非線性特征。當(dāng)外界環(huán)境發(fā)生變化時(shí)，其工作電壓和輸出功率會發(fā)生變化，因此，利用最大功率跟蹤控制技術(shù)，實(shí)時(shí)調(diào)整太陽能電池工作點(diǎn)，使其始終工作在最大功率點(diǎn)附近，提高光伏發(fā)電系統(tǒng)效率。 本文基于KNT-SPV01光伏發(fā)電系統(tǒng)，對光伏發(fā)電系統(tǒng)原理、系統(tǒng)組成進(jìn)行了理論分析，同時(shí)對最大功率跟蹤控制技術(shù)進(jìn)行了深入的研究，完成了帶有最大功率跟蹤控制器的小型太陽能光伏發(fā)電系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì)。具體內(nèi)容如下： 1.研究分析太陽能電池的主要特性參數(shù)，并在不同光照強(qiáng)度、溫度等外界條件下，實(shí)際測試得到太陽能電池的輸出特性曲線，驗(yàn)證了太陽能電池的輸出特性曲線受外界條件影響且具有非線性的特性，證明了進(jìn)行最大功率跟蹤控制的可行性和必要性。分析了太陽能電池的原理，且針對SFM250W蓄電池，設(shè)計(jì)了其充放電保護(hù)電路，提高電池的使用壽命。 2.介紹了三種DC/DC轉(zhuǎn)換電路的工作原理和等效電路，比較了它們的優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)。選擇升降壓式DC/DC轉(zhuǎn)換電路作為本課題的直流轉(zhuǎn)換電路。 3.對幾種常用的最大功率跟蹤控制算法進(jìn)行比較，如恒壓跟蹤法、導(dǎo)納增量法、實(shí)際測量法、擾動觀察法等，分析其工作原理及優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)。并在擾動觀察算法的基礎(chǔ)上，提出了“變步長”擾動觀察法改進(jìn)算法，避免最大功率點(diǎn)的“誤判”，，提高跟蹤控制的速度和精度。 4.設(shè)計(jì)了一套小型太陽能光伏發(fā)電系統(tǒng)，設(shè)計(jì)制作了最大功率點(diǎn)跟蹤控制器的硬件電路，實(shí)現(xiàn)跟蹤控制太陽能電池的最大功率點(diǎn)。通過最大功率跟蹤控制實(shí)驗(yàn)，結(jié)果說明該系統(tǒng)可以有效地提高響應(yīng)速度和跟蹤精度，提高太陽能光伏發(fā)電系統(tǒng)的工作效率。
[Abstract]:Solar energy is a kind of green renewable energy, which has the advantages of no pollution, no noise, no raw materials and so on. The application of solar energy has become a research hotspot in the field of new energy. Photovoltaic power generation is the most important way for human to use solar energy. Since 21th century, the photovoltaic industry has developed rapidly all over the world. However, at present, the production cost of solar cells is still relatively high, the conversion efficiency is low, in order to make more effective use of solar energy, In order to improve the conversion efficiency of photovoltaic power generation system, it is necessary to adopt maximum power tracking technology. Solar cells directly convert solar energy into electric energy in photovoltaic power generation system. The output characteristics of solar cells are influenced by light intensity, ambient temperature and load, and have obvious nonlinear characteristics. Therefore, the maximum power tracking control technology is used to adjust the working point of the solar cell in real time, so that it can always work near the maximum power point to improve the efficiency of photovoltaic power generation system. Based on KNT-SPV01 photovoltaic power generation system, the principle and system composition of photovoltaic power generation system are analyzed theoretically, and the maximum power tracking control technology is studied deeply. The design of a small solar photovoltaic power generation system with a maximum power tracking controller is completed. The details are as follows:. 1. The main characteristic parameters of solar cell are studied and analyzed, and the output characteristic curve of solar cell is obtained under different light intensity and temperature. It is verified that the output characteristic curve of solar cell is influenced by external conditions and has nonlinear characteristics. The feasibility and necessity of maximum power tracking control are proved. The principle of solar cell is analyzed, and the principle of SFM250W battery is analyzed. The charge-discharge protection circuit is designed to improve the battery life. 2. The working principle and equivalent circuit of three DC/DC converters are introduced, and their advantages and disadvantages are compared. 3. Compare several commonly used maximum power tracking control algorithms, such as constant pressure tracking method, admittance increment method, actual measurement method, disturbance observation method, etc. An improved algorithm of "variable step size" perturbation observation method is proposed to avoid "misjudgment" of maximum power points and to improve the speed and accuracy of tracking control. 4. A set of small solar photovoltaic power generation system is designed, and the hardware circuit of the maximum power point tracking controller is designed, which can track and control the maximum power point of solar cell. The results show that the system can effectively improve the response speed and tracking accuracy, and improve the efficiency of solar photovoltaic power generation system.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華僑大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TM615

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