本文選題：退役鋰動(dòng)力電池　切入點(diǎn)：一致性分選　出處：《中南大學(xué)》2014年博士論文　論文類(lèi)型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：摘要：從電動(dòng)汽車(chē)上退役下來(lái)的鋰離子動(dòng)力電池(簡(jiǎn)稱(chēng)退役電池)仍具有高達(dá)80%的剩余容量,研究剩余容量的再利用技術(shù)對(duì)間接降低鋰動(dòng)力電池成本與緩解環(huán)境污染問(wèn)題有著重要的意義。為了最大限度發(fā)揮退役電池的價(jià)值,對(duì)其進(jìn)行分選以及對(duì)具有利用價(jià)值的電池進(jìn)行剩余壽命等方面的研究非常必要,這也是目前退役電池梯級(jí)利用及回收領(lǐng)域的熱點(diǎn)課題之一。本文采用電化學(xué)檢測(cè)-計(jì)算機(jī)模擬聯(lián)合技術(shù)研究了電池在不同溫度、放電倍率和放電深度下的電化學(xué)行為；針對(duì)電池的剩余壽命,劣化失效程度和荷電狀態(tài)進(jìn)行分析和估計(jì),建立了電池壽命預(yù)測(cè)模型、劣化失效的普適模型和荷電狀態(tài)估計(jì)模型,為確保退役電池安全、可靠地運(yùn)行并保持在最佳工作狀態(tài)提供了理論指導(dǎo)。通過(guò)對(duì)上述內(nèi)容的深入研究,獲得了以下四個(gè)方面的研究結(jié)果： (1)采用現(xiàn)代物理測(cè)試技術(shù)和電化學(xué)檢測(cè)手段對(duì)退役電池進(jìn)行了安全性能檢測(cè),并結(jié)合外觀/容量分選法、電壓/內(nèi)阻分選法及特征曲線法對(duì)退役的18650型磷酸鐵鋰動(dòng)力電池進(jìn)行了分選。本論文分選出了外觀無(wú)破損特征,容量在1.1～1.0Ah,內(nèi)阻在12～12.6mΩ,開(kāi)路電壓在3.2998-3.3002V,以及大倍率放電時(shí),放電曲線一致性較好的退役電池作為研究對(duì)象。 (2)采用電化學(xué)檢測(cè)-計(jì)算機(jī)模擬聯(lián)合技術(shù)建立了退役電池的壽命預(yù)測(cè)模型,并提出了一種退役電池的壽命匹配檢測(cè)方法。電化學(xué)檢測(cè)結(jié)果表明：影響退役電池循環(huán)壽命的主要因素為循環(huán)次數(shù)(N),環(huán)境溫度(T),放電倍率(C)和放電深度(DOD)。退役電池的放電容量隨著循環(huán)次數(shù)的增加逐漸降低,環(huán)境溫度越高,放電倍率越大,放電深度越深,退役電池的放電容量衰減越快。當(dāng)循環(huán)時(shí)間足夠長(zhǎng)時(shí),放電深度對(duì)退役電池壽命的衰減影響不大。計(jì)算機(jī)模擬結(jié)果表明：退役電池的放電容量衰減速率隨循環(huán)次數(shù),環(huán)境溫度,放電倍率和放電深度的變化規(guī)律符合冪函數(shù)模型： 以此為標(biāo)準(zhǔn)模型,采用匹配檢測(cè)技術(shù)可利用較少的容量保持率與循環(huán)次數(shù)的數(shù)據(jù)對(duì),準(zhǔn)確地預(yù)測(cè)出任意一顆同規(guī)格退役電池當(dāng)前所處的工況,以及在該工況時(shí)退役電池的剩余壽命。 (3)采用內(nèi)阻-交流阻抗聯(lián)合檢測(cè)技術(shù)建立了退役電池的劣化失效模型。結(jié)果表明：內(nèi)阻可用來(lái)表征退役電池的劣化失效程度。隨著內(nèi)阻的增加,退役電池劣化程度加劇。歐姆內(nèi)阻和極化內(nèi)阻的變化與環(huán)境溫度、放電倍率和放電深度有關(guān)。環(huán)境溫度的升高,放電深度的加深以及放電倍率的增大均會(huì)導(dǎo)致內(nèi)阻加快增長(zhǎng)。三種因素對(duì)歐姆內(nèi)阻和極化內(nèi)阻影響的重要程度為：放電深度放電倍率環(huán)境溫度。歐姆內(nèi)阻與極化內(nèi)阻之和與循環(huán)次數(shù)的關(guān)系符合冪函數(shù)模型： (4)采用交流阻抗測(cè)定法、SOC-OCV曲線法和脈沖放電法相結(jié)合的方法建立了退役電池荷電狀態(tài)估計(jì)模型。交流阻抗測(cè)試結(jié)果表明：對(duì)退役電池進(jìn)行全荷電態(tài)建模時(shí),應(yīng)同時(shí)考慮歐姆內(nèi)阻和極化內(nèi)阻對(duì)退役電池荷電狀態(tài)的影響。而對(duì)退役電池進(jìn)行區(qū)間段建模時(shí),主要考慮極化內(nèi)阻對(duì)荷電狀態(tài)的影響。SOC-OCV測(cè)試結(jié)果表明：退役電池的SOC-OCV特性不受環(huán)境溫度,放電倍率,儲(chǔ)存時(shí)間及電池充放電狀態(tài)的影響,退役電池的OCV隨著SOC的遞增而單調(diào)遞增,隨著SOC的遞減而單調(diào)遞減。等荷電態(tài)多步脈沖放電法測(cè)試結(jié)果表明：通過(guò)所建立退役電池的等效電路模型,可確定退役電池OCV關(guān)于SOC的模型,從而估算SOC值。
[Abstract]:Abstract: lithium ion battery retired from the electric car (the retired battery) still has residual capacity of up to 80%, and then use the residual capacity of technology research is of great significance to reduce the cost of lithium batteries and indirectly alleviate environmental pollution. In order to maximize the value of the battery sorting retired. On and on the value of the battery is very necessary to carry out research on the residual life of the battery, which is currently retired and recovery of cascade utilization is one of the hot topics field. This paper uses the electrochemical detection technology was studied to calculate the joint battery in different temperature simulator, the electrochemical behavior of the discharge rate and depth of discharge for the remaining life; battery, analysis and estimation of the deterioration degree and state of charge, to establish a prediction model of battery life, deterioration of the universal model and The state estimation model provides a theoretical guidance for ensuring the safety of the decommissioning batteries, reliable operation and keeping the best working condition. Through the in-depth study of the above contents, we get the following four research results.
(1) the modern physical test and electrochemical detection by means of the safety inspection of retired batteries, and combined with the appearance / sorting capacity, voltage / resistance sorting method and the method of characteristic curves for retired 18650 type lithium iron phosphate battery was separated. This paper selected appearance without damage characteristics, capacity 1.1 ~ 1.0Ah, 12 ~ 12.6m ohm resistance, open circuit voltage in 3.2998-3.3002V, and the high rate discharge, the discharge curve of the battery retired better as the research object.
(2) prediction model using electrochemical detection computer established cell simulation technology combined with retired life, and put forward the detection method, a retired battery life. The electrochemical detection results show that the main factors affecting retirement for the battery cycle life cycles (N), ambient temperature (T), discharge rate (C) and the depth of discharge (DOD). The discharge capacity of the battery retired gradually decreased with the increase of cycle number, the higher the temperature, the greater the discharge rate, discharge depth, discharge capacity of the battery attenuation retired faster. When the cycle time is long enough, the depth of discharge of retired battery life is not affected. Computer simulation of attenuation the results show that the discharge capacity of the battery decommissioning decay rate with the number of cycles, the environment temperature variation, discharge rate and discharge depth with power function model:
Taking this as a standard model, the matching detection technology can be used to predict the current working condition of any same specification decommissioning battery accurately, and the remaining life of the decommissioned battery under this condition can be accurately predicted by using fewer data of capacity retention rate and cycle number.
(3) a retired battery deterioration through joint detection resistance - impedance failure model. The results show that the degradation can be used to characterize the internal resistance of the battery failure. Retired with resistance increases, retired battery deterioration increased. Changes of the ohmic resistance and polarization resistance and environmental temperature, discharge rate and discharge depth related to the increase of environmental temperature, discharge depth and increase the discharge rate will cause the resistance to accelerate growth. The degree of importance of the three kinds of factors of ohmic resistance and polarization resistance for the depth of discharge and discharge rate temperature. Ohmic resistance and polarization resistance and the number of cycles with the power function model:
(4) determination by AC impedance method combining SOC-OCV curve method and pulse discharge method is proposed to estimate the state of charge of battery model retired. AC impedance test results show that the full state of charge of battery modeling retired, should take into account the influence of the ohmic resistance and polarization resistance state of charge of retired batteries. The interval model of the retired battery, mainly consider the polarization resistance effect on the state of charge of the.SOC-OCV test results show that the SOC-OCV characteristics of retired battery is not affected by environment temperature, discharge rate, storage time and battery state of charge and discharge the battery with SOC OCV, retired increases monotonically, with the decline of SOC monotonously charged. Multi step pulse discharge test results show that the equivalent circuit model of the battery can be determined to retire, retired battery OCV on the SOC model, thus Estimate the SOC value.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：中南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：TM912

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