本文關(guān)鍵詞： 葉片設(shè)計(jì) 翼型 數(shù)值模擬 氣動(dòng)性能 流固耦合　出處：《吉林大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：隨著世界性能源危機(jī)日益加劇，環(huán)境污染日趨嚴(yán)重，推進(jìn)新能源和可再生能源的開(kāi)發(fā)利用已是大勢(shì)所趨。風(fēng)能具有就地可取、分布廣、無(wú)污染、可再生等優(yōu)點(diǎn)，已成為新能源發(fā)展的重要方向。風(fēng)力發(fā)電有著廣闊的發(fā)展前景，在世界各地得到迅速發(fā)展。風(fēng)力發(fā)電對(duì)于調(diào)整能源結(jié)構(gòu)、降低環(huán)境污染、緩解能源危機(jī)等方面有著非常重要的意義。 葉片是風(fēng)力機(jī)的關(guān)鍵零部件，葉片的翼型、結(jié)構(gòu)形式直接影響風(fēng)力機(jī)的性能。葉片設(shè)計(jì)是一個(gè)復(fù)雜的多目標(biāo)優(yōu)化過(guò)程。理想的葉片不僅能獲得良好的氣動(dòng)性能和較高的能量轉(zhuǎn)換效率，還能使風(fēng)電機(jī)組的整體性能得到改善。因此本文結(jié)合吉林省科技廳科技發(fā)展計(jì)劃項(xiàng)目“基于HPC的兆瓦級(jí)風(fēng)力機(jī)系統(tǒng)動(dòng)力學(xué)仿真模擬研究（201205095）”，選取風(fēng)力機(jī)的功率為2MW，對(duì)其展開(kāi)氣動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)與性能研究。主要研究?jī)?nèi)容和結(jié)論有以下幾點(diǎn)。 1.采用動(dòng)量葉素理論設(shè)計(jì)法對(duì)風(fēng)力機(jī)葉片參數(shù)進(jìn)行計(jì)算，并應(yīng)用粒子群算法對(duì)參數(shù)進(jìn)行優(yōu)化。優(yōu)化后的風(fēng)力機(jī)有較好的啟動(dòng)性能，弦長(zhǎng)和扭角更加合理，年發(fā)電量增加了5.97%。利用空間坐標(biāo)轉(zhuǎn)化法，將各截面翼型坐標(biāo)轉(zhuǎn)化為空間三維坐標(biāo)，建立風(fēng)力機(jī)葉片的空間三維模型，為葉片氣動(dòng)特性分析奠定基礎(chǔ)。 2.翼型的氣動(dòng)特性對(duì)風(fēng)力機(jī)整機(jī)的性能具有決定性的影響。對(duì)優(yōu)化后葉片所選用的典型翼型NACA4415進(jìn)行數(shù)值模擬，得到該翼型在額定風(fēng)速下的氣動(dòng)特性。此外，還研究了雷諾數(shù)、相對(duì)彎度和相對(duì)厚度等因素對(duì)翼型氣動(dòng)性能的影響。 3.采用周期性邊界條件，利用Fluent軟件對(duì)單葉片三維流場(chǎng)數(shù)值仿真，得到葉片迎風(fēng)面、背風(fēng)面的壓力分布和r/R=0.2、0.5、0.7三個(gè)截面下的空氣流速及湍流動(dòng)能分布圖。分析了迎風(fēng)面和背風(fēng)面壓力形成機(jī)理。研究了空氣流速與湍流動(dòng)能沿葉片展向的分布規(guī)律。研究結(jié)果表明空氣流速和湍流動(dòng)能隨r/R的增大而增大�？諝饬鹘�(jīng)過(guò)葉片后沒(méi)有明顯分離和漩渦，表明葉片周圍氣流比較穩(wěn)定。湍流動(dòng)能強(qiáng)度圍繞翼型由葉根到葉尖處不斷增大，這是葉尖處容易失速的原因。以上結(jié)論表明，本文所設(shè)計(jì)的葉片有較好的氣動(dòng)特性。 4.采用流固耦合方法研究了風(fēng)力機(jī)整機(jī)模型的氣動(dòng)特性以及動(dòng)力學(xué)特性。先用CFX軟件計(jì)算整機(jī)模型氣動(dòng)特性，再將氣動(dòng)特性載荷加載到固體風(fēng)力機(jī)上，實(shí)現(xiàn)單向流固耦合。主要分析額定風(fēng)速下葉片振動(dòng)頻率、振型以及形變，研究葉片變形與載荷分布相互影響機(jī)理。對(duì)風(fēng)力機(jī)模型無(wú)預(yù)應(yīng)力狀態(tài)下靜力學(xué)特性也進(jìn)行了分析。計(jì)算結(jié)果表明所設(shè)計(jì)的風(fēng)力機(jī)在流固耦合作用下不容易發(fā)生共振，，驗(yàn)證了設(shè)計(jì)的合理性。
[Abstract]:As the world energy crisis intensifies and environmental pollution becomes more and more serious, it is a general trend to promote the development and utilization of new and renewable energy sources. Wind energy has the advantages of local desirability, wide distribution, no pollution, renewable and so on. Wind power has become an important direction in the development of new energy. Wind power has a broad development prospect and has been developed rapidly all over the world. Wind power generation can adjust the energy structure and reduce environmental pollution. It is of great significance to alleviate the energy crisis and so on. The blade is the key component of the wind turbine, the airfoil of the blade, The structural form directly affects the performance of the wind turbine. The blade design is a complex multi-objective optimization process. The ideal blade can not only obtain good aerodynamic performance and high energy conversion efficiency. It can also improve the overall performance of wind turbine. Therefore, this paper chooses the power of wind turbine to be 2MWs according to the project of Science and Technology Development Plan of Jilin Province Department of Science and Technology, "dynamic Simulation Research of MW Wind Turbine system based on HPC (201205095)". The main research contents and conclusions are as follows. 1. The blade parameters of the wind turbine are calculated by the momentum leaf element theory design method, and the parameters are optimized by the particle swarm optimization algorithm. The optimized wind turbine has better start-up performance, more reasonable chord length and torsion angle. By using the method of space coordinate transformation, the airfoil coordinates of each section are transformed into three dimensional spatial coordinates, and the spatial 3D model of the blade of the wind turbine is established, which lays a foundation for the analysis of the aerodynamic characteristics of the blade. 2. The aerodynamic characteristics of the airfoil have a decisive effect on the performance of the wind turbine. The aerodynamic characteristics of the airfoil under rated wind speed are obtained by numerical simulation of the typical airfoil NACA4415 selected by the optimized blade. In addition, the Reynolds number is also studied. Effects of relative curvature and relative thickness on aerodynamic performance of airfoil. 3. Using periodic boundary condition and Fluent software to simulate the three-dimensional flow field of a single blade, the upwind surface of the blade is obtained. The pressure distribution on the leeward surface and the distribution of air velocity and turbulent kinetic energy on the three sections of r / R ~ (2 +) 0. 2 / 0. 5 ~ 0. 7. The formation mechanism of the pressure on the upwind and leeward surfaces is analyzed. The distribution of the air velocity and turbulent kinetic energy along the blade direction is studied. The results show that the air velocity and turbulent kinetic energy increase with the increase of r / R. It shows that the airflow around the blade is relatively stable, and the turbulent kinetic energy intensity is increasing from the root to the tip of the airfoil, which is the reason for the easy stall at the tip of the blade. The above results show that the blade designed in this paper has better aerodynamic characteristics. 4. The aerodynamic and dynamic characteristics of the wind turbine model are studied by using the fluid-solid coupling method. The aerodynamic characteristics of the model are calculated by CFX software, and the aerodynamic characteristic load is loaded into the solid wind turbine. Unidirectional fluid-solid coupling is realized. The vibration frequency, vibration mode and deformation of blade under rated wind speed are analyzed. The interaction mechanism between blade deformation and load distribution is studied. The static characteristics of the wind turbine model without prestress are also analyzed. The calculated results show that the designed wind turbine is not prone to resonance under fluid-solid coupling. The rationality of the design is verified.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：TM315

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