發(fā)布時間：2018-03-01 07:36

  本文關(guān)鍵詞： 輸電線路 雷電流 過電壓 在線監(jiān)測 電源 屏蔽結(jié)構(gòu)　出處：《重慶大學》2014年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：在電力系統(tǒng)中，由雷電引起的架空輸電線路故障比例很大。在輸電線路防雷研究方面，研究工作主要是實驗室模擬與軟件仿真分析，但是輸電線路模型并不十分完善，計算分析結(jié)果與實際情況明顯不符，而輸電線路各研究方向又缺乏真實的雷電參數(shù)，研究工作迫切需要對輸電線路真實的雷電參數(shù)進行監(jiān)測，以獲取雷擊輸電線路的原始信息。通過輸電線路雷電的監(jiān)測，統(tǒng)計雷擊輸電線路的雷電分布規(guī)律，分析事故、改進絕緣配合等具有重要的意義，結(jié)合實際輸電線路的結(jié)構(gòu)，也有利于開展電暈、沖擊、衰減等理論研究。 本文提出了一套新型的基于雙參量測量的雷電監(jiān)測方法，不同于現(xiàn)有輸電線路雷電監(jiān)測系統(tǒng)只對雷電流進行監(jiān)測，參數(shù)單一，新方法分別對輸電線路雷擊入地電流和輸電線路雷擊過電壓雙參量進行監(jiān)測，，多參量監(jiān)測能夠提供更多細節(jié)，對雷擊過電壓分類識別提供數(shù)據(jù)支撐。新型監(jiān)測系統(tǒng)采用分布式結(jié)構(gòu)，兼顧獨立運行與組網(wǎng)監(jiān)測，監(jiān)測設備全部模塊化，方便監(jiān)測系統(tǒng)維護與擴展。在雷電時間分布與日照規(guī)律統(tǒng)計分析基礎上，提出了監(jiān)測系統(tǒng)工作模式，通過實驗分析，得出監(jiān)測系統(tǒng)各設備運行狀態(tài)，總體功耗，適用時間，以及切換條件。比較國內(nèi)外各種取能方式，闡明了監(jiān)測系統(tǒng)采用太陽能供電的理由，結(jié)合工作模式與取能方式實現(xiàn)全年穩(wěn)定運行，通過實驗證明監(jiān)測系統(tǒng)能夠準確獲取雷電電壓、電流參數(shù)。 本文提出了一種新型的用于還原多通道原始雷電流波形的電流傳感器，基于羅氏線圈的基本原理，結(jié)合不同電壓等級的桿塔結(jié)構(gòu)，通過在桿塔塔腳配置四并聯(lián)羅氏線圈來還原真實的雷電流波形，在此基礎上構(gòu)建電流傳感器計算模型，通過Saber軟件仿真電路模型，驗證了計算模型的準確性和可行性，結(jié)合安裝位置，分析了載流體形狀、安裝偏移對傳感器精度影響，通過沖擊電流實驗驗證了電流傳感器的測量性能與精度。電壓傳感器采用重慶大學研制的非接觸式輸電線路過電壓傳感器，針對工程應用，對該傳感器結(jié)構(gòu)，高壓臂電容計算公式做了相應改進，結(jié)合電壓傳感器頻譜寬的特點，提出利用工頻電壓對傳感器進行動態(tài)標定，將影響因素直接計入分壓比的方法。 雷電監(jiān)測裝置安裝在高壓輸電線路附近，周圍環(huán)境復雜多變，容易影響裝置的正常運行。本文對雷擊輸電線路暫態(tài)過程進行了分析，通過在仿真計算，選擇合適的屏蔽材料與傳輸電纜，根據(jù)暫態(tài)分析結(jié)果提出測量系統(tǒng)接地方式，設計了安全可靠的安裝結(jié)構(gòu)，實驗結(jié)果表明，監(jiān)測系統(tǒng)具有良好的抗干擾能力和可靠性。
[Abstract]:In power system, the proportion of overhead transmission line faults caused by lightning is very large. In the research of transmission line lightning protection, the research work is mainly laboratory simulation and software simulation analysis, but the transmission line model is not very perfect. The results of calculation and analysis are obviously inconsistent with the actual situation, and the research direction of transmission lines lacks of real lightning parameters, so the research work urgently needs to monitor the real lightning parameters of transmission lines. In order to obtain the original information of lightning strike transmission line, it is of great significance to analyze the lightning distribution law, analyze the accident and improve the insulation coordination through the lightning monitoring of the transmission line, combining with the structure of the actual transmission line. It is also conducive to the development of corona, shock, attenuation and other theoretical research. A new method of lightning monitoring based on dual parameter measurement is proposed in this paper. Different from the existing lightning monitoring system of transmission lines, the lightning current is only monitored and the parameters are single. The new method monitors the double parameters of lightning strike ground current and transmission line lightning overvoltage respectively, and multi-parameter monitoring can provide more details. The new monitoring system adopts distributed structure, takes into account independent operation and network monitoring, and the monitoring equipment is all modularized. It is convenient to maintain and extend the monitoring system. Based on the statistical analysis of lightning time distribution and sunshine law, the working mode of the monitoring system is put forward. Through the experimental analysis, the operating state, the overall power consumption, the applicable time of the monitoring system are obtained. As well as switching conditions, compared with all kinds of energy acquisition methods at home and abroad, explained the reason why the monitoring system adopts solar power supply, combined with the working mode and the energy acquisition mode to realize the stable operation of the whole year. Experimental results show that the monitoring system can accurately obtain lightning voltage and current parameters. In this paper, a new type of current sensor used to restore multichannel original lightning current waveforms is proposed. Based on the basic principle of Roche coil, the structure of pole tower with different voltage levels is combined. By installing four parallel Roche coils on the tower foot to restore the true lightning current waveform, the calculation model of the current sensor is constructed, and the accuracy and feasibility of the calculation model are verified by the simulation circuit model of the Saber software. Combined with the installation position, the shape of the loaded fluid and the effect of installation offset on the accuracy of the sensor are analyzed. The measurement performance and accuracy of the current sensor are verified by impulse current experiment. The voltage sensor is based on the non-contact transmission line overvoltage sensor developed by Chongqing University. The formula for calculating the capacitance of high-voltage arm is improved accordingly. Combining with the characteristic of spectrum width of voltage sensor, a method of dynamic calibration of the sensor by using power frequency voltage is put forward, and the influence factors are directly taken into account in the ratio of partial voltage. The lightning monitoring device is installed near the high voltage transmission line, the surrounding environment is complex and changeable, and it is easy to affect the normal operation of the device. The transient process of lightning strike transmission line is analyzed in this paper. According to the results of transient analysis, the grounding mode of the measuring system is put forward, and a safe and reliable installation structure is designed. The experimental results show that the monitoring system has good anti-interference ability and reliability.
【學位授予單位】：重慶大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TM863

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