本文關(guān)鍵詞： 永磁同步電機 相電流重構(gòu) 無位置傳感器 滑模觀測器 模型參考自適應　出處：《哈爾濱工業(yè)大學》2014年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：永磁同步電機以其高功率密度、高可靠性、高精度等眾多優(yōu)點在工業(yè)伺服領(lǐng)域得到了廣泛應用�，F(xiàn)代永磁同步電機多采用閉環(huán)矢量控制驅(qū)動系統(tǒng)，需要實時檢測轉(zhuǎn)子位置和相繞組電流值，而無論是位置傳感器還是電流傳感器價格都不菲，從而阻礙了永磁同步電機伺服系統(tǒng)成本的下降，限制了其應用范圍的拓展。本文從通過減少電流傳感器的數(shù)量以降低成本的角度出發(fā)，詳盡闡述了幾種基于單電流傳感器的相電流重構(gòu)方法。 首先，在采用SVPWM技術(shù)的矢量控制基礎上，介紹了基于母線電流傳感器進行相電流重構(gòu)的基本原理，考慮到實際系統(tǒng)中非理想因素的影響，劃分了電流重構(gòu)盲區(qū)。通過脈沖移位法解決了重構(gòu)盲區(qū)問題，并理論推導證明了該方法不影響實際輸出的電壓矢量。經(jīng)仿真和實驗表明脈沖移位法能夠基本解決重構(gòu)盲區(qū)的問題，但會使電流中高頻諧波的含量稍有增加。同時針對過調(diào)制運行情況下的電流重構(gòu)也提出了解決方案。 其次，為實現(xiàn)在整個電壓矢量區(qū)域內(nèi)都能準確地完成相電流的重構(gòu)，引入了矢量脈沖插入法。這種方法可以不受電壓矢量的制約，在任意區(qū)域?qū)崿F(xiàn)電流的重構(gòu)。并根據(jù)實際需求，提出了基于單極性電流傳感器的脈沖插入法，同時給出了低調(diào)制區(qū)域的簡化方案。但測量脈沖的引入，會帶來母線電壓利用率的下降，電流諧波含量的上升，，驅(qū)動器開關(guān)損耗的急劇增加等弊端。 再次，從改進傳統(tǒng)SVPWM技術(shù)的角度出發(fā)，闡述了三態(tài)脈寬調(diào)制技術(shù)和混合脈寬調(diào)制技術(shù)，詳盡介紹了兩種調(diào)制技術(shù)的工作原理。并對不可測量的區(qū)域進行了理論分析和改進，同時進行了仿真和實驗驗證。實驗結(jié)果表明采用三態(tài)脈寬調(diào)制技術(shù)能夠有效擴大電流重構(gòu)的有效區(qū)域，但由電流曲線可以看出其控制效果仍稍遜于傳統(tǒng)SVPWM技術(shù)。 接著，通過調(diào)整電流傳感器的安裝位置，使得在不改動傳統(tǒng)矢量控制算法的前提下，在絕大部分矢量區(qū)域完成了電流重構(gòu)。這種方式的好處在于絲毫不會降低原來系統(tǒng)的性能。但特定的安裝方式使得其在IPM應用中受限，同時因缺乏母線電流傳感器，過流保護功能的實現(xiàn)稍顯復雜。跟著指出了電流重構(gòu)存在的一些共性誤差，并提出了相應解決方案。 最后，為進一步降低系統(tǒng)成本，介紹了兩種永磁同步電機無位置傳感器技術(shù),雙觀測器法和反步MRAS法。詳細闡述了二者的工作原理，并將相電流重構(gòu)技術(shù)和無位置傳感器技術(shù)結(jié)合進行仿真。仿真結(jié)果表明：雙觀測器法的結(jié)果中存在小幅高頻抖振，對系統(tǒng)穩(wěn)定性不利；而反步MRAS法的估算準確性受電機參數(shù)影響較為敏感。總體來說，兩種方法都能較為準確地完成對轉(zhuǎn)子位置和速度的估算。
[Abstract]:Permanent magnet synchronous motor has been widely used in the field of industrial servo with many advantages such as high power density , high reliability and high precision . First , on the basis of vector control using the technology of space vector , the basic principle of phase current reconstruction based on bus current sensor is introduced , and the blind area of current reconstruction is divided according to the influence of non ideal factors in real system . The problem of reconstructed blind area is solved by pulse shift method . The simulation and experiment show that the method can solve the problem of reconstructing blind area basically , but it can increase the content of high frequency harmonic in current . Secondly , in order to realize the reconstruction of the phase current accurately in the whole voltage vector region , the vector pulse insertion method is introduced . The method can realize the reconstruction of the current in any region without the restriction of the voltage vector . According to the actual demand , a pulse insertion method based on a single - polarity current sensor is proposed , and the simplification scheme of the low modulation region is also given . However , the introduction of the measurement pulse can lead to the decrease of the utilization rate of the bus voltage , the rise of the current harmonic content , the abrupt increase of the switching loss of the driver , and the like . In this paper , the principle of three - state pulse width modulation ( PWM ) and hybrid pulse width modulation ( PWM ) is introduced in this paper . The working principle of two kinds of modulation techniques is introduced in detail . Then , by adjusting the installation position of the current sensor , the current reconstruction is completed in most of the vector areas without changing the traditional vector control algorithm . The advantage of this method is that the performance of the original system is not reduced . However , the specific installation mode makes it limited in the IPM application . At the same time , due to the lack of the bus current sensor , the realization of the over - current protection function is slightly more complicated . Then , some common errors in the current reconstruction are pointed out , and the corresponding solutions are proposed . Finally , in order to further reduce the system cost , two kinds of permanent magnet synchronous motor sensorless technique , double observer method and inverse MRAS method are introduced . The working principle of the two kinds of permanent magnet synchronous motors is described in detail , and the phase current reconstruction technique and the sensorless technique are combined . The simulation results show that there is small amplitude high frequency buffeting in the results of the double observer method and the system stability is bad ; and the estimation accuracy of the inverse MRAS method is more sensitive to the influence of the parameters of the motor . Generally , both methods can accurately estimate the rotor position and speed .

【學位授予單位】：哈爾濱工業(yè)大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TM341

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