本文關(guān)鍵詞： 光伏發(fā)電系統(tǒng) 太陽能電池 逆變器 漏電流 無差拍電流控制　出處：《河南師范大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：隨著經(jīng)濟(jì)的不斷發(fā)展，生活質(zhì)量的提高，人們對(duì)能源的需求量不斷增加，然而化石能源的日益枯竭。綠色、環(huán)保、可持續(xù)、和諧的再生能源得到人們的親睞。因?yàn)樘柲苜Y源廣泛、永久、綠色能源、且不受地域影響等優(yōu)點(diǎn)成為新能源的新秀。太陽能發(fā)電即光伏發(fā)電成為各國能源研究的重要方向，，并逐漸顯示出其良好的應(yīng)用前景。由于太陽能能量密度低，且光伏發(fā)電系統(tǒng)的占地面積較大、成本高、受氣候的影響較大等限制使得光伏發(fā)電的效率較低。因此，加深對(duì)太陽能光伏發(fā)電系統(tǒng)的研發(fā)，尤其是提高光伏發(fā)電整體的效率，這對(duì)緩解人類日前的能源危機(jī)有著非常重大的意義。 其中，太陽能電池是光伏發(fā)電的主要部件，因此怎樣提高電池的發(fā)電效率是當(dāng)今研究的熱點(diǎn)。光伏電池的輸入輸出特性受到其自身制作工藝、太陽光照強(qiáng)度，還有電池工作時(shí)溫度的影響。所以各種光伏電池通用仿真模型相繼提出。且因?yàn)楣夥姵赝ㄓ梅抡婺Ｐ蛷?fù)雜、難懂等問題使得光伏電池的仿真難度增大，對(duì)實(shí)際的實(shí)驗(yàn)造成更大的限制。本文介紹一種簡(jiǎn)單、明了的新型仿真模型。該模型對(duì)光伏電池中幾個(gè)重要參數(shù)進(jìn)行模塊化處理，使得模型可以清晰的得到不同溫度和光照強(qiáng)度對(duì)光伏電池參數(shù)的影響。并結(jié)合新型的MPPT跟蹤方法，驗(yàn)證該模型的正確性。 然而，如何更有效率、更高品質(zhì)的轉(zhuǎn)換成為人們可以直接利用的電量，也是迫在眉睫的。無變壓器并網(wǎng)逆變器擁有效率高、體積小、質(zhì)量輕和成本低等優(yōu)勢(shì)，迅速成為各國科研人員的研究熱點(diǎn)。但變壓器的消除，使得光伏(PV)系統(tǒng)和電網(wǎng)之間形成較大的共模漏電流，增加并網(wǎng)電流的高次諧波，還有可能危害到設(shè)備和人員安全。因此漏電流的消除對(duì)無變壓器光伏并網(wǎng)逆變器普及和發(fā)展至關(guān)重要。本文分析了單相并網(wǎng)逆變器漏電流產(chǎn)生機(jī)理，建立了考慮寄生參數(shù)的共模諧振電路等效模型，并分析對(duì)稱參數(shù)和不對(duì)稱參數(shù)下，不同開關(guān)調(diào)制方法、電網(wǎng)電壓、濾波電感以及寄生電容對(duì)漏電流的影響。最后通過無差拍電流控制的單相光伏并網(wǎng)逆變電路，并基于無差拍電流控制原理提出了對(duì)占空比進(jìn)行補(bǔ)償?shù)难a(bǔ)償方法。并通過系統(tǒng)仿真和實(shí)驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)，驗(yàn)證方法的正確性。 故本文提出了一種新型的電池仿真模型，提高對(duì)光伏電池仿真模型的理解，從而加強(qiáng)對(duì)實(shí)際實(shí)驗(yàn)的可操作性。并且通過無差拍電流控制的單相光伏并網(wǎng)逆變電路，說明了漏電流對(duì)逆變電流以及MPPT的影響。并提出了對(duì)占空比進(jìn)行補(bǔ)償?shù)难a(bǔ)償方法，消除漏電流對(duì)逆變電流以及MPPT穩(wěn)定的影響，實(shí)現(xiàn)系統(tǒng)的高質(zhì)量并網(wǎng)電流的輸出和最大功率的準(zhǔn)確跟蹤。
[Abstract]:With the development of economy and the improvement of quality of life, the demand for energy is increasing. However, fossil energy is drying up day by day. The harmonious renewable energy is favored by people. Because solar energy resources are extensive, permanent, green energy, and are not affected by geographical impact and other advantages of new energy rookie. Solar power, that is, photovoltaic power generation has become an important direction of energy research around the world. Because of the low energy density of solar energy, the large area of photovoltaic power generation system, high cost, climate influence and so on, the efficiency of photovoltaic power generation is low, because of the low energy density of solar energy, the high cost of photovoltaic power generation system, and the great influence of climate on the efficiency of photovoltaic power generation. It is of great significance to deepen the research and development of solar photovoltaic power system, especially to improve the overall efficiency of photovoltaic power generation. Among them, solar cells are the main components of photovoltaic power generation, so how to improve the efficiency of photovoltaic cells is a hot topic. There is also the effect of temperature when the cell is working. So a variety of general simulation models for photovoltaic cells have been put forward one after another. And because the general simulation model of photovoltaic cells is complex and difficult to understand, it is more difficult to simulate photovoltaic cells. This paper introduces a simple and clear new simulation model, which modularizes several important parameters in photovoltaic cells. The model can clearly get the influence of different temperature and light intensity on the parameters of photovoltaic cell, and combined with a new MPPT tracking method to verify the correctness of the model. However, how to convert more efficiently and qualitatively into the electric energy that people can use directly is also urgent. The grid-connected inverter without transformer has the advantages of high efficiency, small size, light mass and low cost, etc. But with the elimination of transformers, a large common mode leakage current is formed between PV system and power grid, which increases the high harmonics of grid-connected current. Therefore, the elimination of leakage current is very important for the popularization and development of transformer-free photovoltaic grid-connected inverters. In this paper, the mechanism of leakage current generation of single-phase grid-connected inverters is analyzed. The equivalent model of common-mode resonant circuit with parasitic parameters is established, and the different switching modulation methods and grid voltage are analyzed under symmetric and asymmetric parameters. The influence of filter inductance and parasitic capacitance on leakage current. Finally, the single-phase photovoltaic grid-connected inverter controlled by non-beat current is adopted. Based on the principle of non-beat current control, a compensation method for duty cycle compensation is proposed, and the correctness of the method is verified by system simulation and experimental data. Therefore, a new battery simulation model is proposed in this paper to improve the understanding of photovoltaic cell simulation model, so as to enhance the maneuverability of practical experiments, and through single-phase photovoltaic grid-connected inverter circuit without beat current control. The effect of leakage current on inverter current and MPPT is explained. A compensation method for duty cycle compensation is proposed to eliminate the effect of leakage current on inverter current and MPPT stability. The output of high quality grid-connected current and the accurate tracking of maximum power are realized.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：河南師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：TM615

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