本文關(guān)鍵詞： 永磁直驅(qū)風(fēng)力發(fā)電 最大風(fēng)能追蹤 解耦控制 低電壓穿越 變流器　出處：《華北電力大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：隨著能源危機(jī)的日益加劇,風(fēng)電作為綠色電力能源,是解決能源問題的關(guān)鍵所在。永磁直驅(qū)風(fēng)力發(fā)電機(jī)因其運(yùn)行效率高、低電壓穿越能力強(qiáng)而備受關(guān)注,得到了越來越廣泛的應(yīng)用。本文以永磁直驅(qū)風(fēng)力發(fā)電機(jī)為研究對(duì)象,深入研究了穩(wěn)態(tài)時(shí)永磁直驅(qū)風(fēng)力發(fā)電機(jī)機(jī)側(cè)變流器和網(wǎng)側(cè)變流器的控制策略,并對(duì)故障情況下變流器的低電壓穿越進(jìn)行了分析,主要工作內(nèi)容有： (1)對(duì)永磁直驅(qū)風(fēng)力發(fā)電系統(tǒng)中的基本組成元件建立了詳細(xì)的數(shù)學(xué)模型,并提出了主電路中元件參數(shù)的選擇方法。根據(jù)對(duì)數(shù)學(xué)模型分析,在PSCAD/EMTDC軟件環(huán)境下,建立了各個(gè)元件仿真模型。 (2)設(shè)計(jì)了機(jī)側(cè)變流器的基于轉(zhuǎn)子位置角定向的控制策略,控制策略實(shí)現(xiàn)了永磁直驅(qū)發(fā)電機(jī)的轉(zhuǎn)矩電流與勵(lì)磁電流解耦,并且能夠?qū)崿F(xiàn)最大風(fēng)能追蹤功能。在PSCAD軟件中建立了適合更大規(guī)模仿真需求的機(jī)側(cè)控制簡(jiǎn)化模型,驗(yàn)證了控-制策略的正確性及有效性,同時(shí)也大大提高了仿真運(yùn)行速度,為機(jī)群建模仿真提供了條件。 (3)根據(jù)網(wǎng)側(cè)變流器的數(shù)學(xué)模型,設(shè)計(jì)了網(wǎng)側(cè)變流器的控制策略�？刂颇繕�(biāo)是完成有功、無功的解耦控制及穩(wěn)定直流電壓。在PSCAD軟件中,建立了1.5MW永磁直驅(qū)風(fēng)力發(fā)電系統(tǒng)的仿真模型,并對(duì)階躍風(fēng)速下的風(fēng)電機(jī)組運(yùn)行進(jìn)行了仿真。仿真結(jié)果顯示,永磁直驅(qū)風(fēng)力發(fā)電系統(tǒng)能夠?qū)崿F(xiàn)最大風(fēng)能追蹤,直流母線電壓穩(wěn)定,網(wǎng)側(cè)電流諧波小,網(wǎng)側(cè)運(yùn)行在單位功率因數(shù)下。驗(yàn)證了機(jī)側(cè)和網(wǎng)側(cè)變流器控制策略的有效性�？晒┕こ虘�(yīng)用參考。 (4)對(duì)電網(wǎng)對(duì)稱故障和不對(duì)稱故障時(shí)的直驅(qū)風(fēng)電機(jī)組低電壓穿越技術(shù)進(jìn)行了研究。對(duì)于電網(wǎng)發(fā)生對(duì)稱性故障時(shí),提出了發(fā)電機(jī)的低電壓穿越控制策略。采用限制電機(jī)發(fā)出功率的控制算法,實(shí)現(xiàn)低電壓穿越功能。該方法相對(duì)于現(xiàn)在應(yīng)用較多的crowbar投切及直流卸荷電路的低電壓穿越方法,不需要對(duì)電機(jī)主電路進(jìn)行改造,減少了保護(hù)電路部分維護(hù)工作量。對(duì)于電網(wǎng)發(fā)生不對(duì)稱故障的情況,提出了基于雙dq坐標(biāo)系下的不對(duì)稱控制策略,實(shí)現(xiàn)抑制有功功率震蕩、穩(wěn)定直流電壓的功能。對(duì)以上兩種控制策略,在PSCAD中進(jìn)行了仿真驗(yàn)證,仿真結(jié)果證明了控制策略的有效性。具有工程應(yīng)用的參考價(jià)值。
[Abstract]:As the energy crisis intensifies day by day, wind power, as a green power energy, is the key to solve the energy problem. Permanent magnet direct drive wind turbine has attracted much attention because of its high operating efficiency and strong ability of low voltage traversing. This paper takes permanent magnet direct drive wind turbine as the research object, and deeply studies the control strategy of generator side converter and grid side converter of permanent magnet direct drive wind generator under steady state. At the same time, the low voltage traversing of the converter under the condition of fault is analyzed. The main work contents are as follows:. 1) A detailed mathematical model of the basic components in a permanent magnet direct drive wind power generation system is established, and a method for selecting the component parameters in the main circuit is proposed. According to the analysis of the mathematical model, under the environment of PSCAD/EMTDC software, The simulation models of each component are established. The control strategy based on rotor position angle orientation is designed, and the torque current and excitation current of permanent magnet direct drive generator are decoupled by the control strategy. And it can realize the function of maximum wind energy tracing. The simplified model of computer side control is established in PSCAD software, which verifies the correctness and effectiveness of the control and control strategy, and at the same time greatly improves the running speed of the simulation. It provides conditions for cluster modeling and simulation. 3) according to the mathematical model of the grid-side converter, the control strategy of the grid-side converter is designed. The control goal is to complete the decoupling control of active and reactive power and to stabilize the DC voltage. The simulation model of 1.5MW permanent magnet direct drive wind power generation system is established, and the operation of wind turbine under step wind speed is simulated. The simulation results show that the permanent magnet direct drive wind power generation system can achieve maximum wind energy tracing, and the DC bus voltage is stable. The current harmonics on the grid side are small and the network side operates under the unit power factor. The validity of the control strategy of the converter on the machine side and the network side is verified. It can be used as a reference for engineering application. In this paper, the low-voltage traversing technology of direct-drive wind turbine with symmetric fault and asymmetric fault is studied. The low voltage traversing control strategy of generator is proposed. The low voltage traversing function is realized by using the control algorithm which limits the output power of the generator. This method is compared with the low voltage traversing method which is widely used in crowbar switching and DC unloading circuits. There is no need to reform the main circuit of the motor, and the maintenance workload of the protection circuit is reduced. For the case of the asymmetric fault in the power network, an asymmetric control strategy based on the double dq coordinate system is proposed to suppress the active power oscillation. The function of stabilizing DC voltage. The simulation results of the above two control strategies in PSCAD show the effectiveness of the control strategy and have reference value in engineering application.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華北電力大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：TM315

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