本文關(guān)鍵詞： 二次再熱 低溫煙氣余熱利用 工程監(jiān)理　出處：《華北電力大學》2014年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：電力是人類生活及世界經(jīng)濟發(fā)展最主要,也是最清潔、最方便使用的能源。自21世紀以來,雖然核能、太陽能、風力、水力、再生生物等低污染排放發(fā)電技術(shù)產(chǎn)生的電量迅速增長,但其總量遠不能滿足人類的需要,電力所需的主要一次能源仍然以石化燃料為主�！笆濉逼陂g,我國發(fā)展處于重要戰(zhàn)略機遇期,資源環(huán)境約束及環(huán)保要求進一步提高。隨著經(jīng)濟快速增長,能源消費呈線性增長,經(jīng)濟增長與資源環(huán)境的矛盾已經(jīng)成為經(jīng)濟社會發(fā)展的重要制約因素。節(jié)能減排是促進可持續(xù)發(fā)展的必然選擇。在工業(yè)領(lǐng)域,火力發(fā)電廠的節(jié)能是非常重要的一部分,目前,在我國的能源結(jié)構(gòu)中,火電約占74%(發(fā)電量占80%)。相對石油和天然氣資源日益緊缺,而煤炭資源卻相當豐富,且價格低廉穩(wěn)定,便于儲存的狀況,在今后很長一段時期,高效清潔的燃煤發(fā)電仍然是世界電力供應最主要的方式。因此,如何提高和改進火電機組效率工作十分重要。本文首先介紹了二次再熱的原理、特點及優(yōu)勢,調(diào)研了國內(nèi)外低溫煙氣余熱利用現(xiàn)狀,對低溫省煤器原理及實施進行了分析。針對在二次再熱機組鍋爐加裝低溫省煤器的方案,根據(jù)低溫省煤器特點進行了可行性分析,對煙氣酸露點、金屬安全壁溫、水側(cè)入口水溫進行了測算,對低溫腐蝕問題、安裝位置進行了細致的方案比選工作。從年利用小時數(shù)、凝結(jié)水系統(tǒng)回收、輔機新增消耗及發(fā)電標煤耗等進行計算分析,通過年費用法和靜、動態(tài)回收年限的綜合技術(shù)經(jīng)濟指標對設(shè)置低溫省煤器的方案進行分析,大量翔實的數(shù)據(jù)說明其節(jié)能潛力巨大,技術(shù)方案可行,經(jīng)濟效益顯著。結(jié)果表明,本文所設(shè)計的低溫煙氣余熱利用方案,能有效提高機組熱效率、降低機組煤耗,并且節(jié)水效果顯著,大大提高電廠的經(jīng)濟效益,符合國家“節(jié)能減排”方針政策。由于工程采用了超超臨界、二次再熱技術(shù),進一步提高機組的熱效率,同時使機組建設(shè)及監(jiān)理工作更加復雜：有兩個再熱器、增加一個超高壓缸、增加一根再熱冷管與再熱熱管、增加一套超高壓主汽、調(diào)節(jié)閥、機組長度增加、軸系趨于復雜,同時它對鍋爐的影響也很大,運行時對控制的要求更高,尤其在設(shè)備安裝過程中安裝質(zhì)量控制要比以往的一次再熱技術(shù)更加復雜。本文針對二次再熱新技術(shù)在設(shè)備安裝過程中的監(jiān)理重點進行分析,并制定詳細的監(jiān)理方案,確保工程施工安全且質(zhì)量達到設(shè)計要求。
[Abstract]:Electric power is the most important of human life and the development of the world economy, but also the most clean, most convenient to use energy. Since twenty-first Century, although nuclear, solar, wind, hydro, renewable biological low emission power generation technology of electricity is growing rapidly, but the total can not meet the needs of mankind, the primary energy source of electricity be still using fossil fuels. "12th Five-Year" period, China's development is in the important period of strategic opportunities, resources and environmental constraints and environmental requirements further improved. With the rapid economic growth, energy consumption increases linearly, the contradiction between economic growth and environmental resources has become an important factor to restrict the economic and social development is the inevitable choice for energy saving and emission reduction. To promote sustainable development. In the field of industry, energy-saving coal-fired power plants is a very important part, at present, in China's energy structure, thermal power accounts for about 74% (hair Consumption accounted for 80%). The relative shortage of oil and gas resources, and coal resource is very rich, and the price is low and stable, easy storage, in the future for a long period of time, efficient and clean coal-fired power generation is still the world's main power supply. Therefore, how to improve and improve the work efficiency of thermal power units is very important. This paper first introduces two reheat the principle, characteristics and advantages of low temperature flue gas waste heat utilization at home and abroad research, the principle and implementation of low temperature economizer is analyzed. Aiming at two reheat boiler installation of low temperature economizer scheme, according to the characteristics of low temperature economizer, carried out a feasibility analysis and on the acid dew point of flue gas, metal safety wall temperature, water side entrance temperature was calculated, the low temperature corrosion problems, installation position of the detailed scheme selection work. From the year when using small number of condensed water The new auxiliary recovery, consumption and consumption of standard coal for power generation have been calculated and analyzed, the annual usage and static analysis, scheme of comprehensive technical and economic indexes of dynamic recovery period of low temperature economizer, a large number of data shows that the potential of energy saving, technology is feasible, the economic benefit is remarkable. The results show that the low temperature flue gas waste heat the use of the design program, can effectively improve the thermal efficiency, reduce coal consumption, and remarkable water-saving effect, greatly improve the economic benefit of power plant, in line with the national "energy-saving emission reduction" policy. The project uses ultra supercritical, two reheat technology, to further improve the thermal efficiency of the unit, the unit construction and the supervision work is more complex: there are two reheater, adding a super high pressure cylinder, increase a reheat steam tube and reheat heat pipe, adding a set of ultra high pressure main steam valve, machine. Group increased length of shaft become more complicated, and it is also a great influence on the boiler operation, to control the more demanding, especially the quality control of the installation is more complex than a reheat technology in the past during the installation process. This paper analyzes two reheat new technology in the process of safety supervision key installed in equipment and make a detailed scheme, supervision, to ensure the safety of construction quality and meet the design requirements.

【學位授予單位】：華北電力大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TM621
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本文編號：1485579