本文關鍵詞： 光伏發(fā)電系統(tǒng) 最大功率點跟蹤 分數階微分 坐標變換 擾動觀察法 跟蹤效率　出處：《桂林電子科技大學》2014年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：在全球面臨環(huán)境污染和能源危機的雙重壓力下，太陽能因其儲量大、無污染、不受地域限制等優(yōu)點正在成為世界能源組成中的重要部分。在太陽能光伏發(fā)電系統(tǒng)中，提高光伏陣列的轉換效率是需要解決的核心問題之一，采用最大功率點跟蹤（Maximum Power Point Tracking，MPPT)技術可以有效解決這一問題。在MPPT控制中存在兩個相互矛盾的問題：響應速度和跟蹤精度，目前的研究主要集中在如何調整步長平衡這兩個問題。該論文針對以上問題，立足于現(xiàn)有研究成果和技術，主要從以下幾個方面對光伏發(fā)電MPPT算法進行了研究： （1）提出基于分數階微分補償的擾動觀察MPPT算法，在保證響應速度的前提下提高了跟蹤精度。在擾動觀察法微分判斷條件的前提下，引入具有獨有特性的分數階微分，將其作為一階純微分的輔助新信息加入判斷條件。提出一階純微分與分數階微分結合的方法，利用分數階微分的濾波特性，，有效地削弱功率振蕩，克服跟蹤精度與響應速度不能同時兼顧的缺點。同時給出所提出算法的直觀理論分析。仿真結果表明，所提出的算法能有效地減小穩(wěn)定運行時的固有振蕩，減少跟蹤過程中的功率損失，提高算法的跟蹤效率。 （2）提出基于坐標變換的變步長擾動觀察MPPT算法，在保證跟蹤精度的前提下提高了響應速度。以光伏陣列輸出特性曲線的最大功率點電壓為基準，分別對其兩側電壓坐標進行自然對數變換。利用自然對數非線性遞增的特性，對光伏陣列輸出特性曲線進行不等比例地壓縮，實現(xiàn)步長隨實時電壓調整的變步長跟蹤。仿真結果表明，所提出的控制算法可以實現(xiàn)快速起動，并能快速準確地跟蹤外界環(huán)境變化，提高了光伏陣列的利用率。 （3）在光伏系統(tǒng)MPPT實驗平臺上對所提出的基于分數階微分補償的擾動觀察MPPT算法進行實驗驗證，并與傳統(tǒng)擾動觀察法進行綜合性能比較。實驗分為室內模擬光伏陣列實驗和室外普通光伏陣列實驗，實驗結果表明，在兩種實驗環(huán)境下所提出的基于分數階微分補償的擾動觀察法比傳統(tǒng)的擾動觀察法在穩(wěn)態(tài)性能上均有明顯的提高。
[Abstract]:Under the double pressure of global environmental pollution and energy crisis, solar energy has no pollution due to its large reserves. In the solar photovoltaic power generation system, improving the conversion efficiency of photovoltaic arrays is one of the core problems to be solved. Maximum Power Point Tracking was used. MPPT can effectively solve this problem. There are two contradictory problems in MPPT control: response speed and tracking accuracy. The current research focuses on how to adjust the balance of step size. This paper aims at the above problems, based on the existing research results and technologies. The MPPT algorithm of photovoltaic power generation is studied from the following aspects: 1) A disturbance observation MPPT algorithm based on fractional differential compensation is proposed, which improves the tracking accuracy under the premise of ensuring the response speed. The fractional differential with unique characteristics is introduced and added to the judgment condition as the auxiliary new information of the first order pure differential. The method of combining the first order pure differential with the fractional differential is proposed, and the filtering characteristic of the fractional differential is used. It effectively weakens the power oscillation and overcomes the shortcoming that the tracking accuracy and the response speed can not be taken into account simultaneously. At the same time, the intuitive theoretical analysis of the proposed algorithm is given, and the simulation results show that. The proposed algorithm can effectively reduce the inherent oscillation while running stably, reduce the power loss in the tracking process, and improve the tracking efficiency of the algorithm. (2) A variable step-size observation MPPT algorithm based on coordinate transformation is proposed, which improves the response speed while ensuring the tracking accuracy. The maximum power point voltage of the output characteristic curve of photovoltaic array is taken as the reference. The natural logarithmic transformation of the voltage coordinates on both sides of the photovoltaic array is carried out, and the output characteristic curve of the photovoltaic array is compressed in varying proportions by using the natural logarithmic nonlinear increasing characteristic. The simulation results show that the proposed control algorithm can realize fast start and track the change of external environment quickly and accurately. The utilization ratio of photovoltaic array is improved. 3) the proposed perturbation observation MPPT algorithm based on fractional differential compensation is verified on the photovoltaic system MPPT experimental platform. The experiment is divided into indoor simulated photovoltaic array experiment and outdoor common photovoltaic array experiment. The experimental results show that. The perturbation observation method based on fractional differential compensation proposed in two experimental environments is better than the traditional perturbation observation method in steady-state performance.
【學位授予單位】：桂林電子科技大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TM615

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