染料敏化太陽能電池用光陽極材料制備及性能研究
發(fā)布時間:2018-01-13 16:35
本文關鍵詞:染料敏化太陽能電池用光陽極材料制備及性能研究 出處:《天津大學》2014年博士論文 論文類型:學位論文
更多相關文章: 光陽極半導體層 微乳液核心漸進 孔徑漸進 散射層 TiO2團聚型球
【摘要】:本文研究了染料敏化電池的制備工藝,并且在設計和制備了不同形貌的光陽極半導體層及TiO2材料的基礎上,分別制備了聯(lián)吡啶釕類及卟啉類染料敏化太陽能電池,通過優(yōu)化材料性能、光學性能及電化學性能提升電池的光電轉化效率。 采用商品化的P25納米顆粒為原料,通過調(diào)節(jié)分散溶劑和分散方式得到制作最為均勻漿料的方法。對比和研究了漿料涂布的工藝及厚度,確定以絲網(wǎng)印刷的方法制備高效的染料敏化太陽能電池的工藝。 通過微乳液法合成了高比表面積的TiO2材料,并以此為散射核心制備出具有核心漸進結構的染料敏化太陽能電池。通過光電轉化效率測試證明具有漸進結構的電池的光電轉化效率達到7.34%,相比普通均一結構電池提升了20.43%。以porphyrine-1為敏化劑,制備了核心漸進卟啉類染料敏化太陽能電池,光電轉化效率達到4.04%。通過對比發(fā)現(xiàn),漸進結構的半導體層更有利于提升卟啉類電池的光電性能,,相比與普通均一結構的電池提升了21.34%。 利用模板法制備了具有不同孔徑的半導體層,通過對比其材料學及光學性質(zhì),證明了半導體層中孔徑越大,光吸收及散射作用越強,但單位光陽極的染料吸附能力越差。通過將不同尺寸孔徑的半導體層按照不同順序涂布,制備出具有孔徑漸進結構的染料敏化電池。通過光電性能測試證明,具有孔徑漸進變大的染料敏化電池的光電轉化效率最高,達到7.80%。交流阻抗測試表明,孔徑漸進變大結構的半導體層可以有效的滲透電解質(zhì),從而降低電池內(nèi)阻,進而得到更好的光電性能。以porphyrine-2為敏化劑,制備了孔徑漸進卟啉類染料敏化太陽能電池,光電轉化效率達到6.01%,比普通光陽極制得電池的光電性能提升14.48%。 采用多種方法制備了不同形貌但尺寸近似的TiO2材料,將它們制備成均一或多層結構的染料敏化電池,并對比和分析其光電性能。通過研究發(fā)現(xiàn),亞微米級TiO2更適于作為電池中的散射層,最高可以使聯(lián)吡啶釕類電池的光電轉化效率達到6.21%。通過電化學測試證明具有連續(xù)結構的TiO2可提升電池的電子傳輸壽命。利用porphyrine-3制備出具有多種散射層結構的卟啉類染料敏化電池,發(fā)現(xiàn)無論哪種TiO2材料制備的散射層均可提升卟啉類電池的光電性能,而且提升幅度較聯(lián)吡啶釕類電池大。通過分析單色光量子效率的數(shù)據(jù),發(fā)現(xiàn)亞微米級材料制備的散射層能有效的提高450-600nm的光譜吸收,彌補了卟啉分子字在500nm左右的吸收缺陷,從而大幅提升光電性能。 以簡易法制備的納米顆粒團聚型球,微球為銳鈦礦摻雜少量板鈦礦相的TiO2,并可以通過尿素和聚乙烯吡咯烷酮控制微球尺寸。尿素具有提高反應環(huán)境堿性的作用,有助于微球團聚及尺寸變大;聚乙烯吡咯烷酮束縛微球進一步團聚生長,阻礙微球進一步團聚而變大。將簡易法制備的團聚型球制備成染料敏化太陽能電池并測試其光電性能,其光電轉化效率可達6.61%,優(yōu)于文獻法制備的團聚型球及其他亞微米級材料,適于作為染料敏化太陽能半導體層和電池的材料使用。
[Abstract]:The preparation process of dye - sensitized solar cells was studied . On the basis of designing and preparing photo - anode semi - conductor layers and TiO2 materials with different morphologies , pyridine ruthenium and porphyrin dye - sensitized solar cells were prepared , and the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the cells was improved by optimizing the properties of materials , optical properties and electrochemical properties . A method for preparing the most uniform slurry by adjusting the dispersion solvent and dispersion was obtained by using the commercialized p25 nanoparticles as the raw material . The technology and the thickness of the slurry coating were compared and studied , and the technology of preparing the efficient dye - sensitized solar cell by screen printing was determined . A dye - sensitized solar cell with high specific surface area was synthesized by microemulsion method , and the dye - sensitized solar cell with progressive structure was prepared by photoelectric conversion efficiency test . A kind of dye - sensitized solar cell with different pore size was prepared by using template method . By comparing its material properties and optical properties , it was proved that the larger the pore diameter , the stronger the light absorption and scattering effect , the better the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the dye - sensitized solar cell with progressive pore size was obtained . TiO2 materials with different morphology but approximate size were prepared by various methods , and they were prepared into homogeneous or multi - layer dye - sensitized solar cells , and their photoelectric properties were compared and analyzed . The invention relates to a nano - particle agglomerate type ball prepared by a simple method , wherein the microsphere is TiO2 of anatase - doped small amount of titanium ore phase , and the size of the microsphere can be controlled by urea and polyvinylpyrrolidone .
【學位授予單位】:天津大學
【學位級別】:博士
【學位授予年份】:2014
【分類號】:TM914.4
【參考文獻】
相關期刊論文 前2條
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2 梁茂,陶占良,陳軍;染料敏化太陽能電池中的敏化劑[J];化學通報;2005年12期
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