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  本文關(guān)鍵詞：基于集膚效應(yīng)的氧化鋅避雷器故障分析　出處：《廣西大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 氧化鋅避雷器及其故障 氧化鋅閥片 集膚效應(yīng) 沖擊電壓發(fā)生器 雷電流及其數(shù)學(xué)模型 邊緣局部擊穿

【摘要】：由于我國幅員遼闊、地形復(fù)雜,遠距離輸電線路的組廊必將經(jīng)過復(fù)雜的地形地貌,加之氣候條件存在顯著的差異,輸電線路的運行條件必定相當(dāng)惡劣,比如冰雪、暴雨、臺風(fēng)等,更加嚴(yán)重的危害是雷擊。因為遠距離輸電線路經(jīng)過了了復(fù)雜的地形,比如山川、河流、高原、濕地等,而陡峭的山坡、河流的大跨距等惡劣地形上架設(shè)的輸電線路都很容易遭受雷擊,所以對輸電線路的雷擊保護顯得日趨重要。作為當(dāng)今已經(jīng)公認為是最先進的防雷技術(shù)產(chǎn)品——氧化鋅避雷器(以下簡稱避雷器),也必將廣泛應(yīng)用于遠距離的輸電線路系統(tǒng)中。 雖然避雷器是如今公認的最先進的防雷產(chǎn)品,但是避雷器的制造受限于科技技術(shù)水平還遠未達到防雷所要求的技術(shù)水準(zhǔn),不少已經(jīng)投入運行的避雷器都或多或少出現(xiàn)了一些故障問題。避雷器在電力系統(tǒng)中的廣泛應(yīng)用必將帶來避雷器的眾多故障問題,國內(nèi)外的知名學(xué)者與高校主要集中精力研究已公認的故障原因——老化和受潮,但仍有相當(dāng)一部分避雷器的故障原因并未查明。因此,本論文提出并探討了集膚效應(yīng)是避雷器故障的原因之一：無論是雷電還是操作過電壓引起的電流通過避雷器向大地泄放電流時都存在比較嚴(yán)重的集膚效應(yīng),這必將導(dǎo)致避雷器在正常工作時出現(xiàn)邊緣局部多次擊穿的問題,長此以往被經(jīng)常擊穿的局部區(qū)域的非線性伏安特性將變得不再優(yōu)良,更容易發(fā)生故障甚至爆炸；更有甚者起到相反的作用,導(dǎo)致安裝避雷器的被保護設(shè)備更容易發(fā)生接地故障。 本論文通過理論分析、實驗論證了集膚效應(yīng)是避雷器故障原因之一這一觀點的正確性。首先介紹氧化鋅避雷器閥片的微觀結(jié)構(gòu)、非線性伏安特性的產(chǎn)生原理,避雷器的工作原理及其故障的一些原因；然后用傅立葉分解雷電流,三種數(shù)學(xué)函數(shù)模型都與頻率有著密切的關(guān)系,簡要介紹了集膚效應(yīng)產(chǎn)生的機理得知集膚效應(yīng)也與頻率存在固定的函數(shù)關(guān)系,證明避雷器在正常工作時集膚效應(yīng)的存在性,通過模擬沖擊電壓實驗證明氧化鋅非線性電阻閥片存在集膚效應(yīng),并會出現(xiàn)邊緣局部多次擊穿現(xiàn)象,分析實驗數(shù)據(jù)、現(xiàn)象及擊穿點的位置得出閥片會因為邊緣局部擊穿導(dǎo)致非線性伏安特性變差的結(jié)論；最后通過成品避雷器的模擬擊穿實驗,對擊穿后的避雷器進行解體分析,發(fā)現(xiàn)成品避雷器同樣出現(xiàn)了邊緣局部擊穿的現(xiàn)象,更進一步地證明避雷器在正常工作時存在集膚效應(yīng),從而更加充分地論證了集膚效應(yīng)是避雷器的故障原因之一。
[Abstract]:Because of China's vast and complex terrain, long transmission line corridor group will through the complex terrain, there are significant differences in climatic conditions, operating conditions of transmission line will be quite bad, such as snow, storm, typhoon, lightning is more dangerous. Because of the long-distance transmission line through the complex terrain for example, mountains, rivers, wetlands, plateau, and steep slopes, river long span transmission lines erected on rough terrain such as are very vulnerable to lightning, so the lightning protection of transmission line becomes more and more important. As of today has been recognized as the most advanced technology products lightning arrester (hereinafter referred to as Zinc Oxide arrester), will be widely used in the power transmission system in the far distance.
Although the arrester is now recognized as the most advanced lightning protection products, but limited to the manufacture of arrester technology level is still far from the level of technology required for lightning arrester, many have been put into operation are more or less there are some problems. Wide application of lightning arrester in the power system will bring many problems of fault lightning arrester, domestic and foreign well-known scholars and universities mainly focus on the fault has been recognized causes of aging and damp, but there is still a considerable part of the fault reason of lightning arrester has not identified. Therefore, this paper presents and discusses the skin effect is one of the reasons of lightning arrester fault current: either lightning or the operation overvoltage caused by leakage is serious due to the skin effect current to the ground through the arrester, it will cause the arrester Bureau edge appears in the normal working hours Many of the breakdown problem, the nonlinear I-V characteristics of local area is often the breakdown if things go on like this will become no longer good, more prone to failure or explosion; even have the opposite effect, leading to the installation of lightning arrester protective equipment was more prone to ground fault.
This paper through the theoretical analysis and experimental demonstration of skin effect is correct this view one of the reasons of lightning arrester fault. First introduced the micro structure of Zinc Oxide MOA, the principle of nonlinear volt ampere characteristics, some of the original work principle and fault arrester; then use the Fu Liye decomposition of lightning current, three mathematical models have a close relationship with the frequency, briefly introduces the mechanism of skin effect that the skin effect has certain relationship with frequency, prove the arrester skin effect during the normal operation of the existence, through the simulation experiment proves that Zinc Oxide impulse voltage nonlinear resistor valve sheet due to the skin effect and, there will be many local edge breakdown phenomenon, analysis of the experimental data, and the location of the phenomenon of the breakdown point valve because of local edge breakdown induced by nonlinear volt ampere characteristics variation Conclusion; finally through the simulation experiment of lightning arrester breakdown products, disintegration analysis of lightning arrester breakdown, lightning arrester was also found that the finished edge localized breakdown phenomenon, further proof of the arrester due to the skin effect in normal operation, so as to fully demonstrate the skin effect is one of the reasons for failure lightning arrester.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：廣西大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TM862

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