本文關(guān)鍵詞：考慮冰災(zāi)的電網(wǎng)運(yùn)行風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評(píng)估及網(wǎng)絡(luò)化保護(hù)　出處：《哈爾濱工業(yè)大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 輸電線路 冰災(zāi) 冰風(fēng)力 故障概率 風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評(píng)估 網(wǎng)絡(luò)保護(hù)

【摘要】：2008年初我國(guó)南方地區(qū)發(fā)生特大冰災(zāi)，對(duì)受災(zāi)地區(qū)電網(wǎng)的安全穩(wěn)定運(yùn)行構(gòu)成極大威脅。冰災(zāi)可能會(huì)在短時(shí)間內(nèi)對(duì)電網(wǎng)的電力元件造成大量損壞，從而引發(fā)電網(wǎng)的群發(fā)性故障，嚴(yán)重時(shí)甚至導(dǎo)致電網(wǎng)大面積停電和癱瘓。為此，結(jié)合冰災(zāi)期間的氣候信息和電網(wǎng)的運(yùn)行條件，定量地描述冰災(zāi)對(duì)電網(wǎng)運(yùn)行可靠性的影響是十分必要的。 本文給出了電力線路在覆冰和風(fēng)綜合作用下故障概率的計(jì)算方法，方法通過氣象站點(diǎn)加權(quán)平均獲得的降雨量、風(fēng)速等信息計(jì)算輸電線覆冰厚度。從力學(xué)的角度出發(fā)，分析風(fēng)速和冰厚對(duì)輸電線的共同作用關(guān)系，給出冰風(fēng)力的計(jì)算方法�；诒L(fēng)力，使用反映金屬承載極限特性的指數(shù)模型，，實(shí)現(xiàn)電力線路故障概率的實(shí)時(shí)計(jì)算或預(yù)測(cè)。 同時(shí)考慮冰災(zāi)致輸電線路故障概率與潮流越限對(duì)線路故障的影響，形成線路故障模型，基于連鎖故障樹對(duì)冰災(zāi)下的電網(wǎng)進(jìn)行風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評(píng)估，計(jì)算發(fā)生故障的概率和損失負(fù)荷大小，研究線路潮流的越限情況，得到系統(tǒng)發(fā)生連鎖故障的失負(fù)荷風(fēng)險(xiǎn)和越限風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，從而算出系統(tǒng)的總風(fēng)險(xiǎn)水平，形成關(guān)于連鎖故障的事故集。采用氣象臺(tái)站的歷史數(shù)據(jù)和測(cè)試電網(wǎng)的算例分析結(jié)果表明，該方法能夠提供不同線路的故障概率時(shí)變情況，為進(jìn)一步進(jìn)行電網(wǎng)安全運(yùn)行風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評(píng)估和調(diào)控提供相關(guān)基礎(chǔ)信息。 冰災(zāi)期間引發(fā)電網(wǎng)發(fā)生大量的斷線倒塔事故，電網(wǎng)拓?fù)浜瓦\(yùn)行方式頻繁發(fā)生變化，增加傳統(tǒng)繼電保護(hù)誤動(dòng)拒動(dòng)的概率，為此，本文提出一種基于廣義節(jié)點(diǎn)的網(wǎng)絡(luò)差動(dòng)保護(hù)方法。根據(jù)廣義基爾霍夫定律的概念建立的網(wǎng)絡(luò)差動(dòng)保護(hù)數(shù)學(xué)模型，在線整定動(dòng)作電流，不受運(yùn)行方式的影響，能夠適應(yīng)極端天氣期間電網(wǎng)結(jié)構(gòu)和運(yùn)行方式頻繁的變化�？紤]電網(wǎng)結(jié)構(gòu)和測(cè)點(diǎn)的變化以及繼電保護(hù)裝置拒動(dòng)的情況，提出該廣義節(jié)點(diǎn)的后備差動(dòng)保護(hù)算法。采用網(wǎng)絡(luò)化差動(dòng)保護(hù)作為后備保護(hù)進(jìn)行保護(hù)配合，能夠有選擇地快速切除故障線路，縮小故障影響范圍，降低連鎖故障的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。 本文工作得到國(guó)家電網(wǎng)公司重大科技專項(xiàng)五《大電網(wǎng)在線評(píng)估技術(shù)深化研究》（SGCC-MPLG-023）之課題5《考慮自然災(zāi)害的大電網(wǎng)安全在線預(yù)警技術(shù)》以及國(guó)家高技術(shù)研究發(fā)展計(jì)劃（863計(jì)劃）重大項(xiàng)目《高滲透率間歇性能源的區(qū)域電網(wǎng)關(guān)鍵技術(shù)研究和示范》（2011AA05A105）的資助。
[Abstract]:In early 2008, a severe ice disaster occurred in southern China, which posed a great threat to the safe and stable operation of the power grid in the affected area. The ice disaster may cause a large number of damage to the power elements of the power network in a short time. Therefore, it can lead to the power grid group fault, and even lead to the power grid blackout and paralysis in a large area. Therefore, combined with the climate information during the ice disaster and the operation conditions of the power grid. It is necessary to describe quantitatively the effect of ice disaster on power network operation reliability. This paper presents a method for calculating the fault probability of power lines under the combined action of icing and wind. The method is based on the weighted average rainfall obtained by meteorological stations. From the point of view of mechanics, the relationship between wind speed and ice thickness on transmission line is analyzed, and the calculation method of ice wind force is given. An exponential model reflecting the limit characteristics of metal loading is used to calculate or predict the fault probability of power line in real time. At the same time, considering the influence of fault probability and power flow overrun on transmission line fault caused by ice disaster, the fault model of transmission line is formed, and the risk assessment of power network under ice disaster is carried out based on cascading fault tree. The probability of failure and the loss load are calculated, and the load loss risk and the excess risk of the cascading fault are obtained by studying the over-limit situation of the line power flow, and then the total risk level of the system is calculated. By using the historical data of meteorological stations and the example analysis of test grid, it is shown that this method can provide time-varying fault probability of different lines. It provides basic information for further risk assessment and regulation of power grid safety operation. During the ice disaster, a large number of broken tower accidents occurred in the power network, and the topology and operation mode of the power network changed frequently, which increased the probability of misoperation and failure of the traditional relay protection. In this paper, a network differential protection method based on generalized nodes is proposed. The mathematical model of network differential protection is established according to the concept of generalized Kirchhoff's law. It can adapt to the frequent changes of power network structure and operation mode during extreme weather. A backup differential protection algorithm for the generalized node is proposed. The network differential protection is used as the backup protection to protect and cooperate, which can selectively and quickly remove the fault line and reduce the fault influence range. Reduce the risk of cascading failures. The work of this paper has been obtained from the State Grid Company's major science and technology project five < deepening Research on On-line Evaluation Technology of large Power Grid "SGCC-MPLG-023). Project 5 "Safety online early warning Technology for large Power Grid considering Natural disasters" and National High Technology Research and Development Program. Research and demonstration of key Technologies in Regional Power Grid for High permeability intermittent Energy.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：哈爾濱工業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：TM732

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