【摘要】：體異質(zhì)結(jié)(BHJ)有機太陽能電池(OSCs)在近年來以合成多樣性、質(zhì)量輕、可以應(yīng)用于大面積卷對卷生產(chǎn)以及在多變性的器件等優(yōu)點吸引人們的眼球。特別是最近一段時間,OSCs的光電能量轉(zhuǎn)換效率已經(jīng)達(dá)到里程碑式的11%。許多科研工作在材料的研發(fā)、器件結(jié)構(gòu)的調(diào)控優(yōu)化以及界面工藝的提升,并取得到了長足的進(jìn)步。陰極界面修飾層是位于光活性層與陰極金屬電極之間一層材料,由于其具有可以改善激子的拆分與擴散,減小串聯(lián)電阻等優(yōu)點,因此引入陰極界面修飾層可以成為OSCs器件工藝中影響器件性能的重要因素。相比于傳統(tǒng)的無機陰極界面修飾材料,如氟化銫和氟化鋰等,具有水/醇溶解性的有機陰極界面修飾材料不僅可以在水和氧氣環(huán)境下顯示出更穩(wěn)定的特點,而且材料優(yōu)良的溶解性可以與光活性層材料產(chǎn)生更好的歐姆接觸。同樣相比于聚合物陰極界面修飾材料,有機小分子陰極界面修飾材料由于分子結(jié)構(gòu)簡單、易于提純和調(diào)控、不存在批次純度不同等問題的優(yōu)勢,越來越受科研工作者們的關(guān)注。在本論文中,我們首先合成了一系列離子型異靛藍(lán)衍生物作為陰極界面修飾材料,通過改變其分子周圍基團(tuán)與官能團(tuán)觀察它們不同的物理化學(xué)性質(zhì)。然后將不同基團(tuán)/官能團(tuán)修飾的異靛藍(lán)衍生物利用旋涂方法制備成為陰極界面修飾層,探究不同基團(tuán)/官能團(tuán)修飾的異靛藍(lán)衍生物材料作為陰極界面修飾層光伏器件性能。1、第二章中,我們通過Suzuki偶聯(lián)反應(yīng)與離子化反應(yīng)合成了六種離子型異靛藍(lán)化合物:IID-PyBr、IID-NSB、IIDPh-PyBr、IIDPh-NSB、IIDTh-PyBr和IIDTh-NSB。我們利用了核磁、質(zhì)譜、元素分析等表征測試對其分子結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行確認(rèn)。這六個分子在水和甲醇中皆具有較好的溶解性但不溶于氯苯、鄰二氯苯等溶劑。隨后我們通過紫外可見吸收以及循環(huán)伏安測試對這六種離子型異靛藍(lán)化合物的光物理性質(zhì)與電化學(xué)性質(zhì)進(jìn)行了研究表征,這為它們在之后作為有機光伏器件中陰極界面修飾層提供了理論基礎(chǔ)。2、第三章中,我們將合成出的六種離子型異靛藍(lán)化合物使用色譜純甲醇溶解,通過旋涂的方法將它們作為陰極界面修飾材料制備在以PTB7:PC71BM為光活性層表面上,之后將金屬鋁作為陰極蒸鍍在陰極界面修飾層上完成傳統(tǒng)的正式有機太陽能電池器件。與無陰極界面修飾層和只用甲醇作為陰極界面修飾層的光伏器件相比,器件性能參數(shù)Voc、Jsc和FF有著顯著的提升,尤其是異靛藍(lán)核心引入噻吩基團(tuán)與磺酸根基團(tuán)之后的IIDTh-NSB化合物作為陰極界面修飾層時,FF高達(dá)71.6%,能量轉(zhuǎn)換效率PCE高達(dá)9.12%。通過一系列測試可以表明:1、當(dāng)引入噻吩基團(tuán)與異靛藍(lán)骨架組成D-A-D型結(jié)構(gòu)分子時,會有效地提高載流子遷移率并減小串聯(lián)電阻,進(jìn)而提高OSCs器件PCE;2、相比于其它官能團(tuán),作為離子型內(nèi)鹽基團(tuán)的磺酸根可以與陰極金屬鋁電極相互作用并緊密排列,最終提高OSCs器件性能表現(xiàn)。
[Abstract]:In recent years, heterogeneous (BHJ) organic solar cell (OSCs) has attracted people's attention because of its diversity and light weight, which can be used in large area roll-to-roll production and in variable devices. Especially in recent years, the photoelectric energy conversion efficiency of OSCs has reached 11% of the milestone. Many scientific research work has made great progress in the research and development of materials, the regulation and optimization of device structure and the improvement of interface technology. The cathode interface modification layer is a layer of material between the photoactive layer and the cathode metal electrode, which can improve the resolution and diffusion of exciton and reduce the series resistance. Therefore, the introduction of cathode interface modification layer can be an important factor affecting the performance of OSCs devices. Compared with the traditional inorganic cathode interface modification materials, such as cesium fluoride and lithium fluoride, the organic cathode interface modification materials with water / alcohol solubility can not only show more stable characteristics in water and oxygen environment. Moreover, the excellent solubility of the material can produce better ohmic contact with the photoactive layer material. Compared with polymer cathode interface modification materials, organic small molecule cathode interface modification materials are paid more and more attention by researchers because of their simple molecular structure, easy purification and regulation, and no different batch purity. In this thesis, we first synthesized a series of ionic isoindigo derivatives as cathodic interface modification materials, and observed their different physical and chemical properties by changing the groups around the molecules and functional groups. Then the isoindigo derivatives modified by different groups / functional groups were prepared into cathode interface modification layer by rotating coating method, and the properties of isoindigo derivatives modified by different groups / functional groups as cathode interface modified layer photovoltaic devices were investigated. In chapter 2, six kinds of ionized isoindigo compounds, IID-PyBr,IID-NSB,IIDPh-PyBr,IIDPh-NSB,IIDTh-PyBr and IIDTh-NSB., were synthesized by Suzuki coupling reaction and ionization reaction. We confirmed its molecular structure by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), mass spectrometry (MS) and elemental analysis (elemental analysis). These six molecules have good solubility in water and methanol, but are not soluble in chlorobenzene, o-dichlorobenzene and other solvents. Then the photophysical and electrochemical properties of the six ionized isoindigo compounds were studied and characterized by UV-vis absorption and cyclic Voltammetric measurements. This provides a theoretical basis for them to be later used as cathodic interface modification layers in organic photovoltaic devices. 2, in chapter 3, we dissolve six kinds of ionic isoindigo compounds by chromatographic pure methanol. They were prepared as cathode interface modification materials on the surface of photoactive layer with PTB7:PC71BM as photoactive layer by rotating coating, and then aluminum was evaporated on the cathode interface modification layer to complete the traditional formal organic solar cell devices. Compared with photovoltaic devices without cathode interface modification layer and methanol as cathode interface modification layer, the performance parameters Voc,Jsc and FF of the device are significantly improved. Especially when thiophene group and sulfonic group were introduced into the core of isoindigo blue, FF reached 71.6% and energy conversion efficiency PCE reached 9.12% when thiophene group and sulfonic group were introduced as cathode interface modification layer. A series of tests show that: 1. When thiophene group and isoindigo skeleton are introduced to form D 鈮，

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