【摘要】：隨著電網(wǎng)規(guī)模不斷擴(kuò)大,對電網(wǎng)的安全運(yùn)行提出了更大的挑戰(zhàn),而準(zhǔn)確的模型參數(shù)是電力系統(tǒng)運(yùn)行分析、仿真和故障診斷的基礎(chǔ),對電網(wǎng)安全運(yùn)行有重要意義,故快速準(zhǔn)確獲得可靠的模型參數(shù)是保證電力系統(tǒng)安全運(yùn)行的基本問題。發(fā)電機(jī)作為電網(wǎng)能量的來源,其參數(shù)的精確性對電網(wǎng)運(yùn)行分析有十分重要的影響。本文在原有同步發(fā)電機(jī)參數(shù)辨識方案的基礎(chǔ)上進(jìn)行了改進(jìn),將對參數(shù)的靈敏度計(jì)算環(huán)節(jié)加入到參數(shù)辨識中,出一種以靈敏度分析為前提的同步發(fā)電機(jī)參數(shù)辨識方案,將辨識算法應(yīng)用于Simulink仿真結(jié)果的辨識,并在PMU實(shí)測數(shù)據(jù)的環(huán)境下對辨識算法進(jìn)行驗(yàn)證,取得了良好的辨識效果,證明方案具有實(shí)用性。本文介紹了同步發(fā)電機(jī)的基本方程和在此基礎(chǔ)上推導(dǎo)出的幾種實(shí)用模型,根據(jù)需要選定六階同步發(fā)電機(jī)實(shí)用模型為參數(shù)辨識模型,并對六階實(shí)用模型進(jìn)行了可辨識性分析。簡述了辨識的概念及同步發(fā)電機(jī)參數(shù)辨識的特點(diǎn),介紹了同步發(fā)電機(jī)辨識的基本流程,并對辨識過程中用到的微分方程的數(shù)值解法和優(yōu)化算法進(jìn)行了敘述。簡單了解幾種靈敏度分析辦法,選定軌跡靈敏度法作為同步發(fā)電機(jī)靈敏度分析的工具,對軌跡靈敏度法的分類和計(jì)算方法進(jìn)行了敘述,最終確定選用攝動法計(jì)算同步發(fā)電機(jī)參數(shù)的靈敏度。利用Simulink建立仿真模型,得出在勵(lì)磁電壓發(fā)生擾動時(shí)同步發(fā)電機(jī)軌跡靈敏度的大小,分析了擾動大小和擾動時(shí)長對軌跡靈敏度大小的影響,根據(jù)各參數(shù)靈敏度的表現(xiàn)確定了發(fā)電機(jī)參數(shù)辨識方案。以MATLAB為工具搭建仿真平臺模擬多種擾動下同步發(fā)電機(jī)的行為,利用基于靈敏度分析的參數(shù)辨識方案對模擬結(jié)果進(jìn)行辨識,基于辨識結(jié)果對辨識方案進(jìn)行可行性和通用性地分析。在搭建的仿真平臺下對比了傳統(tǒng)參數(shù)辨識方案和基于靈敏度分析的參數(shù)辨識方案,對兩種方案的辨識結(jié)果進(jìn)行分析,得出了不同方案的異同之處。簡單介紹了PMU數(shù)據(jù)及其處理過程,將基于靈敏度分析的參數(shù)辨識方案應(yīng)用于實(shí)測數(shù)據(jù)下且對方案進(jìn)行了可行性、穩(wěn)定性和精確性地分析。在實(shí)測算例下比較了傳統(tǒng)參數(shù)辨識方案和基于靈敏度分析參數(shù)辨識方案的異同之處,分析兩種方案的計(jì)算結(jié)果,得到基于靈敏度分析的參數(shù)辨識方案目標(biāo)函數(shù)較小,參數(shù)辨識結(jié)果更加穩(wěn)定,更貼近同步發(fā)電機(jī)實(shí)際運(yùn)行行為的實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果。
[Abstract]:With the expansion of power grid scale, the security operation of power grid is challenged more and more, and accurate model parameters are the basis of power system operation analysis, simulation and fault diagnosis, which is of great significance to the safe operation of power network. Therefore, fast and accurate obtaining reliable model parameters is the basic problem to ensure the safe operation of power system. As the source of power grid energy, the accuracy of generator parameters has a very important impact on the analysis of power grid operation. In this paper, based on the original parameter identification scheme of synchronous generator, the sensitivity calculation of parameters is added to the parameter identification, and a parameter identification scheme of synchronous generator based on sensitivity analysis is proposed. The identification algorithm is applied to the identification of Simulink simulation results, and the identification algorithm is verified in the environment of PMU measured data. Good identification results are obtained, and the scheme is proved to be practical. In this paper, the basic equation of synchronous generator and several practical models derived from it are introduced. According to the need, the practical model of six-order synchronous generator is selected as the parameter identification model, and the identifiability of the sixth-order practical model is analyzed. This paper briefly introduces the concept of identification and the characteristics of parameter identification of synchronous generator, introduces the basic flow chart of identification of synchronous generator, and describes the numerical solution and optimization algorithm of differential equation used in the process of identification. Several sensitivity analysis methods are simply understood. Trajectory sensitivity method is selected as a tool for sensitivity analysis of synchronous generators, and the classification and calculation method of trajectory sensitivity method are described. Finally, the sensitivity of parameters of synchronous generator is calculated by perturbation method. Based on the simulation model established by Simulink, the trajectory sensitivity of synchronous generator is obtained when the excitation voltage is disturbed, and the influence of the disturbance size and time length on the trajectory sensitivity is analyzed. According to the performance of the sensitivity of each parameter, the parameter identification scheme of the generator is determined. The simulation platform based on MATLAB is used to simulate the behavior of synchronous generators under various disturbances. The simulation results are identified by using the parameter identification scheme based on sensitivity analysis, and the feasibility and generality of the identification schemes are analyzed based on the identification results. Under the simulation platform, the traditional parameter identification scheme and the parameter identification scheme based on sensitivity analysis are compared, and the identification results of the two schemes are analyzed, and the similarities and differences between the two schemes are obtained. The PMU data and its processing process are briefly introduced. The parameter identification scheme based on sensitivity analysis is applied to the measured data and the feasibility, stability and accuracy of the scheme are analyzed. The similarities and differences between the traditional parameter identification scheme and the parameter identification scheme based on sensitivity analysis are compared, and the calculation results of the two schemes are analyzed, and the objective function of the parameter identification scheme based on sensitivity analysis is smaller than that of the traditional parameter identification scheme based on sensitivity analysis. The results of parameter identification are more stable and close to the experimental results of the actual operation behavior of synchronous generators.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：青島大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TM31

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