葉輪不平衡故障下雙饋風力發(fā)電機運行特性分析及控制研究
發(fā)布時間：2018-10-30 16:34
【摘要】：風能因其潔凈、綠色無污染而日漸成為世界各國爭相發(fā)展的新能源,風力發(fā)電技術(shù)也因此成為世界領(lǐng)域的重點研究課題。隨著風力發(fā)電技術(shù)的迅猛發(fā)展,風電機組單機容量和葉片長度也快速增長,機組傳動鏈的柔性增大、阻尼變小,這使得風力機氣動載荷的變化對整個機組的影響也變得更加復雜和不易控,因此研究氣動載荷變化對風力機氣動特性、發(fā)電機運行特性以及相關(guān)控制策略的影響變得非常重要。葉輪不平衡故障是影響風力機氣動載荷及其氣動特性的重要因素,也是風電機組的常見故障。目前對該故障的研究尚不夠全面,尤其是故障對發(fā)電機和相應(yīng)控制策略的影響研究還較少,故障診斷機制不完善。因此本課題以雙饋風力發(fā)電機組為例,針對葉輪不平衡故障展開了系統(tǒng)研究。首先分析了葉輪不平衡故障的常見類型和機理;重點闡述了故障對雙饋風力發(fā)電機(doubly-fed induction generator,DFIG)電氣特性的影響以及如何建立故障的診斷機制;還研究了機組最大風能追蹤(Maximum Power Point Tracking,MPPT)控制策略與故障的交叉耦合;探索了如何通過改進控制策略減少故障對機組發(fā)電效率和電能質(zhì)量的影響。具體的工作和研究內(nèi)容如下:(1)搭建了適合葉輪不平衡故障模擬和分析的仿真平臺,該平臺全面考慮了風力機空氣動力學、動量-葉素理論(blade element moment,BEM)、機艙和塔座以及傳動鏈的結(jié)構(gòu)動力學、雙饋發(fā)電機暫態(tài)特性及其矢量控制策略,為葉輪不平衡故障和機組特性仿真結(jié)果的正確性打下基礎(chǔ)。(2)葉輪不平衡故障主要包括葉輪質(zhì)量不平衡和氣動不對稱。首先分析了葉輪質(zhì)量不平衡故障的機理,提出一種基于傳動鏈模型和dq坐標變換相結(jié)合的分析方法,從而獲得了故障時雙饋風力發(fā)電機的電氣特性變化,主要包括轉(zhuǎn)子電流、定子電流和功率特性,并進行了仿真和實驗驗證。(3)分析了葉輪氣動不對稱故障的機理,由于葉片翼型的改變,使得葉輪輸出的氣動載荷發(fā)生改變,引入了不對稱切向附加力、軸向附加力、附加轉(zhuǎn)矩和附加彎矩的概念,分析了氣動載荷的變化對DFIG電氣特性的影響,首次獲得了葉輪氣動不對稱故障下DFIG轉(zhuǎn)子電流、定子電流的變化特點,提出了一種基于DFIG定、轉(zhuǎn)子電流和功率特性的葉輪氣動不對稱故障診斷方法。(4)分析了變速恒頻風力發(fā)電機組的運行區(qū)域和相應(yīng)的控制特點,重點討論了基于最佳功率-轉(zhuǎn)速曲線的最大風能追蹤控制策略的兩種模式,并分析了MPPT控制與故障的交叉作用與耦合,結(jié)合轉(zhuǎn)子側(cè)變換器(rotor side converter,RSC)矢量控制(vector control,VC)策略分析了故障對機組機電氣特性的影響,得出了一些新的結(jié)論。(5)葉輪不平衡故障造成氣動轉(zhuǎn)矩周期波動,甚至較大幅度下降,不僅加劇機組的振動,影響機組的壽命,還會進一步影響機組輸出的電能質(zhì)量,降低發(fā)電效率。這些問題與風力發(fā)電機組傳動系柔性大、阻尼小存在很大關(guān)系。從機組動力源頭出發(fā),分析了氣動載荷波動沿機組傳動鏈傳遞的過程,解析求解了機組的阻尼特征。提出了一種增加機組傳動鏈阻尼的轉(zhuǎn)矩補償策略,在一定程度上抑制了氣動載荷波動所造成的機組故障諧波,改善了機組電氣參量的波形,提高了電能質(zhì)量。論文系統(tǒng)研究了風力發(fā)電機組葉輪不平衡故障的機理、故障對雙饋風力發(fā)電機電氣特性的影響、考慮了機組控制策略與故障的交叉作用以及載荷造成的諧波抑制策略。論文的研究內(nèi)容豐富、完善了葉輪不平衡故障的理論體系,對于降低機組振動、提高機組壽命和發(fā)電效率、降低發(fā)電成本具有一定的現(xiàn)實意義。
[Abstract]:Wind power has become a new energy source for all countries in the world because of its clean and pollution-free environment, and the wind power generation technology has become a key research topic in the world. With the rapid development of the wind power generation technology, the single unit capacity and blade length of the wind turbine generator unit also increase rapidly, the flexibility of the unit transmission chain increases, and the damping becomes smaller, so that the influence of the aerodynamic load of the wind turbine on the whole unit becomes more complicated and difficult to control, Therefore, it is very important to study the aerodynamic characteristics of the wind turbine, the operating characteristics of the generator and the related control strategies. The unbalance fault of impeller is an important factor that affects the aerodynamic load of wind turbine and its aerodynamic characteristics. It is also the common fault of wind turbine generator set. At present, the research on the fault is not comprehensive, especially the research on the influence of the fault on the generator and the corresponding control strategy is less, and the fault diagnosis mechanism is not perfect. Therefore, the problem of unbalance of impeller is studied by using double-feed wind generating set as an example. Firstly, the common types and mechanism of unbalance fault of impeller are analyzed; the influence of fault on electric characteristics of double-fed wind generator (DFIG) and how to set up the fault diagnosis mechanism is emphasized, and the maximum wind energy tracing (Maximum Power Point Tracking) is also studied. MPPT (MPPT) control strategy is cross-coupled with fault, and how to reduce the effect of failure on power generation efficiency and power quality by improving control strategy is explored. The specific work and research contents are as follows: (1) A simulation platform suitable for the simulation and analysis of unbalance fault of the impeller is set up. The platform comprehensively takes into account the aerodynamics, momentum-blade theory (BEM), nacelle and tower base, and the structural dynamics of the transmission chain. The transient characteristic and the vector control strategy of the double-feed generator will lay the foundation for the unbalance fault of the impeller and the correctness of the simulation result of the unit's characteristic. (2) The unbalance of impeller unbalance mainly includes unbalance of impeller mass and aerodynamic asymmetry. First of all, the mechanism of unbalance fault of impeller is analyzed, and a kind of analysis method based on transmission chain model and dq coordinate transformation is proposed to change the electrical characteristics of double-feed wind generator when fault is obtained, including rotor current, stator current and power characteristic. The simulation and experimental verification are carried out. (3) The mechanism of aerodynamic asymmetric failure of the impeller is analyzed, and the aerodynamic loads output by the impeller are changed due to the change of the blade airfoil, and the concept of asymmetric tangential additional force, axial additional force, additional torque and additional bending moment is introduced. The influence of aerodynamic load on the electrical characteristics of DFIG is analyzed. The characteristics of DFIG rotor current and stator current are obtained for the first time, and a fault diagnosis method based on DFIG stator, rotor current and power characteristic is proposed. (4) The operating region and the corresponding control characteristics of the variable speed constant frequency wind turbine generator set are analyzed, the two modes of the maximum wind energy tracking control strategy based on the optimal power-speed curve are discussed, and the cross function and coupling of MPPT control and fault are analyzed. Based on the rotor side converter (RSC) vector control (RSC) vector control (RSC) vector control (RSC) vector control (RSC), some new conclusions are obtained. (5) The unbalance of the impeller causes the fluctuation of the pneumatic torque period, and even decreases greatly, not only exacerbates the vibration of the unit but also affects the service life of the unit, but also further affects the power quality of the output of the unit and reduces the power generation efficiency. These problems are related to the flexibility of the drive train of the wind turbine generator set and the small damping. Based on the power source of the unit, the process of pneumatic load fluctuation along the transmission chain of the unit is analyzed, and the damping characteristics of the unit are solved. A torque compensation strategy is proposed to increase the damping torque of the transmission chain of the unit. In some degree, the harmonic of the unit caused by the fluctuation of the aerodynamic load is restrained, the waveform of the electrical parameters of the unit is improved, and the quality of the electric energy is improved. The paper systematically studies the mechanism of unbalance fault of impeller of wind turbine generator set, the influence of fault on the electrical characteristics of double-feed wind generator, and considers the cross function of the control strategy and fault and the harmonic suppression strategy caused by the load. The research content of the paper is rich, and the theoretical system of unbalance fault of the impeller is perfected, which is of practical significance for reducing the vibration of the unit, improving the life of the unit and the power generation efficiency and reducing the power generation cost.
【學位授予單位】：華北電力大學(北京)
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TM315
本文編號：2300545
[Abstract]:Wind power has become a new energy source for all countries in the world because of its clean and pollution-free environment, and the wind power generation technology has become a key research topic in the world. With the rapid development of the wind power generation technology, the single unit capacity and blade length of the wind turbine generator unit also increase rapidly, the flexibility of the unit transmission chain increases, and the damping becomes smaller, so that the influence of the aerodynamic load of the wind turbine on the whole unit becomes more complicated and difficult to control, Therefore, it is very important to study the aerodynamic characteristics of the wind turbine, the operating characteristics of the generator and the related control strategies. The unbalance fault of impeller is an important factor that affects the aerodynamic load of wind turbine and its aerodynamic characteristics. It is also the common fault of wind turbine generator set. At present, the research on the fault is not comprehensive, especially the research on the influence of the fault on the generator and the corresponding control strategy is less, and the fault diagnosis mechanism is not perfect. Therefore, the problem of unbalance of impeller is studied by using double-feed wind generating set as an example. Firstly, the common types and mechanism of unbalance fault of impeller are analyzed; the influence of fault on electric characteristics of double-fed wind generator (DFIG) and how to set up the fault diagnosis mechanism is emphasized, and the maximum wind energy tracing (Maximum Power Point Tracking) is also studied. MPPT (MPPT) control strategy is cross-coupled with fault, and how to reduce the effect of failure on power generation efficiency and power quality by improving control strategy is explored. The specific work and research contents are as follows: (1) A simulation platform suitable for the simulation and analysis of unbalance fault of the impeller is set up. The platform comprehensively takes into account the aerodynamics, momentum-blade theory (BEM), nacelle and tower base, and the structural dynamics of the transmission chain. The transient characteristic and the vector control strategy of the double-feed generator will lay the foundation for the unbalance fault of the impeller and the correctness of the simulation result of the unit's characteristic. (2) The unbalance of impeller unbalance mainly includes unbalance of impeller mass and aerodynamic asymmetry. First of all, the mechanism of unbalance fault of impeller is analyzed, and a kind of analysis method based on transmission chain model and dq coordinate transformation is proposed to change the electrical characteristics of double-feed wind generator when fault is obtained, including rotor current, stator current and power characteristic. The simulation and experimental verification are carried out. (3) The mechanism of aerodynamic asymmetric failure of the impeller is analyzed, and the aerodynamic loads output by the impeller are changed due to the change of the blade airfoil, and the concept of asymmetric tangential additional force, axial additional force, additional torque and additional bending moment is introduced. The influence of aerodynamic load on the electrical characteristics of DFIG is analyzed. The characteristics of DFIG rotor current and stator current are obtained for the first time, and a fault diagnosis method based on DFIG stator, rotor current and power characteristic is proposed. (4) The operating region and the corresponding control characteristics of the variable speed constant frequency wind turbine generator set are analyzed, the two modes of the maximum wind energy tracking control strategy based on the optimal power-speed curve are discussed, and the cross function and coupling of MPPT control and fault are analyzed. Based on the rotor side converter (RSC) vector control (RSC) vector control (RSC) vector control (RSC) vector control (RSC), some new conclusions are obtained. (5) The unbalance of the impeller causes the fluctuation of the pneumatic torque period, and even decreases greatly, not only exacerbates the vibration of the unit but also affects the service life of the unit, but also further affects the power quality of the output of the unit and reduces the power generation efficiency. These problems are related to the flexibility of the drive train of the wind turbine generator set and the small damping. Based on the power source of the unit, the process of pneumatic load fluctuation along the transmission chain of the unit is analyzed, and the damping characteristics of the unit are solved. A torque compensation strategy is proposed to increase the damping torque of the transmission chain of the unit. In some degree, the harmonic of the unit caused by the fluctuation of the aerodynamic load is restrained, the waveform of the electrical parameters of the unit is improved, and the quality of the electric energy is improved. The paper systematically studies the mechanism of unbalance fault of impeller of wind turbine generator set, the influence of fault on the electrical characteristics of double-feed wind generator, and considers the cross function of the control strategy and fault and the harmonic suppression strategy caused by the load. The research content of the paper is rich, and the theoretical system of unbalance fault of the impeller is perfected, which is of practical significance for reducing the vibration of the unit, improving the life of the unit and the power generation efficiency and reducing the power generation cost.
【學位授予單位】：華北電力大學(北京)
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TM315
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