【摘要】：為了緩解日益緊張的能源緊張問題,德國(guó)、美國(guó)等國(guó)家相繼推廣了光伏并網(wǎng)發(fā)電系統(tǒng),我國(guó)也在推行西部太陽能發(fā)電工程。太陽能發(fā)電系統(tǒng)的應(yīng)用日趨普遍,但太陽能電池板長(zhǎng)期工作在暴曬環(huán)境中,容易老化,存在火災(zāi)隱患。光伏發(fā)電日漸越普及,從人口稀疏地區(qū)向人口密集區(qū)延伸,由光伏發(fā)電站向光伏建筑一體化發(fā)展,太陽能電池火災(zāi)將直接威脅生命安全,光伏火災(zāi)的研究也迫在眉睫。目前對(duì)太陽能電池板的火災(zāi)危險(xiǎn)性研究很少,本文通過分析光伏火災(zāi)案例及相關(guān)文獻(xiàn)總結(jié)出引發(fā)光伏火災(zāi)的兩個(gè)主要原因： (1)電弧故障(2)自燃。同時(shí),光伏火災(zāi)“霸占”天臺(tái)等救援通道,有可能誘發(fā)消防人員觸電。太陽能電池組件的安全性能測(cè)試一般根據(jù)IEC 61215:2005、IEC 61730—2:2004、UL 1703:20043種光伏組件測(cè)試標(biāo)準(zhǔn)進(jìn)行,本文對(duì)三種標(biāo)準(zhǔn)進(jìn)行了對(duì)比分析。實(shí)驗(yàn)部分,本研究選擇市場(chǎng)上應(yīng)用普遍的多晶硅太陽能電池板作為實(shí)驗(yàn)材料,在錐形量熱儀平臺(tái)上進(jìn)行了28kW/m2、30kW/m2、35 kW/m2、40 kW/m2和45 kW/m2五種輻射強(qiáng)度下電池板的燃燒實(shí)驗(yàn),對(duì)實(shí)驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)分析獲得了著火時(shí)間(TTI)、臨界輻射熱流(CHR)、熱釋放速率(HRR)、質(zhì)量損失速率(MLR)等多個(gè)參數(shù),并運(yùn)用Petrella評(píng)價(jià)體系對(duì)太陽能電池組件的熱危險(xiǎn)性和煙氣毒性進(jìn)行了評(píng)價(jià)。文章通過理論分析和實(shí)驗(yàn)驗(yàn)證得出電池板為熱厚型材料,運(yùn)用Petrella評(píng)價(jià)體系分析得出電池板在30kW/m2及其以下的輻射強(qiáng)度下閃燃的危險(xiǎn)性低,而在35-45kW/m2的輻射強(qiáng)度下閃燃危險(xiǎn)性為中等。另外,電池板的總熱釋放量在38-57kW/m2之間,處于Petrella評(píng)價(jià)體系中的中等危險(xiǎn)程度。實(shí)際上,被廣泛應(yīng)用于發(fā)電站及屋頂上的大型電池板的厚度是實(shí)驗(yàn)用電池板厚度的5-10倍,且屋頂火災(zāi)的火焰溫度在800-900 ℃當(dāng)火勢(shì)蔓延至整個(gè)房屋時(shí),火焰溫度達(dá)到900-1000℃,即日�；馂�(zāi)中的火焰輻射強(qiáng)度遠(yuǎn)大于實(shí)驗(yàn)中的外加輻射強(qiáng)度。所以,在實(shí)際火災(zāi)中電池板的總熱釋放量也將遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)大于實(shí)驗(yàn)值。實(shí)驗(yàn)表明,電池板產(chǎn)生的氣體毒性可以忽略。另外,本文還對(duì)太陽能電池板中的主要可燃材料EVA進(jìn)行了火災(zāi)危險(xiǎn)性的實(shí)驗(yàn)研究。根據(jù)實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果,從熱危險(xiǎn)性和氣體毒性兩個(gè)方面對(duì)EVA的火災(zāi)危險(xiǎn)性進(jìn)行了評(píng)價(jià),并與太陽能電池板的危險(xiǎn)性進(jìn)行了對(duì)比。
[Abstract]:In order to alleviate the increasingly tense energy shortage, Germany, the United States and other countries have promoted photovoltaic grid-connected power generation system, and our country is also carrying out the western solar power generation project. The application of solar power generation system is becoming more and more common, but solar panels work in the environment of exposure for a long time. Photovoltaic power generation is becoming more and more popular, from sparsely populated areas to densely populated areas, from photovoltaic power station to photovoltaic building integration development, solar cell fire will directly threaten the safety of life, photovoltaic fire research is imminent. At present, there are few researches on the fire hazard of solar panels. Through the analysis of photovoltaic fire cases and related literature, two main causes of photovoltaic fire are summarized: (1) arc fault (2) spontaneous combustion. At the same time, photovoltaic fire "occupy" rooftop and other rescue channels, may induce electric shock fire personnel. The safety performance test of solar cell module is generally carried out according to IEC 61215: 2005 IEC61730-2: 2004 UL 1703: 20043 kinds of photovoltaic module test standards. In the experiment part, the polysilicon solar panel which is widely used in the market is selected as the experimental material. The combustion experiments were carried out on the platform of cone calorimeter under five radiation intensities of 28kW / m2 30kW / m2 35 kW/m2,40 kW/m2 and 45 kW/m2. The critical radiation heat flux (CHR),) of (TTI), for ignition time was obtained by analyzing the experimental data. Thermal release rate (HRR), mass loss rate (MLR), and so on. The thermal hazard and smoke toxicity of solar cell modules were evaluated by Petrella evaluation system. Through theoretical analysis and experimental verification, it is concluded that the panel is a heat thick material. The Petrella evaluation system is used to analyze the risk of the panel flashover under the radiation intensity of 30kW/m2 and below. The flashover hazard is moderate at the radiation intensity of 35-45kW/m2. In addition, the total heat release of the panel was between 38-57kW/m2 and the moderate risk in the Petrella evaluation system. In fact, large panels that are widely used in power stations and roofs are five to 10 times thicker than experimental panels, and the flame temperature of a roof fire is between 800 and 900 鈩，

本文編號(hào)：2300292