【摘要】：微電網是一種結合新能源的現代化智能電網。根據研究發(fā)現,通過微電網把可再生能源并到大電網中相比其直接并入,可以在很大程度緩解對供電穩(wěn)定性造成的沖擊,微電網作為傳統(tǒng)大電網的強力支撐,避免了很多因為大電網受到影響或者發(fā)生故障而產生的斷電現象。在實際的應用中,微電網一方面能夠充分利用當地分散的自然資源,減少對環(huán)境的污染,并且減緩化石能源緊缺;此外,還可以保障大電網的電量供給,以達到需求者用電的多元化。基于以上這些優(yōu)點,微電網的研究如火如荼。獨立微電網是將各個分布式電源、儲能裝置與用電負荷相結合,通過有效的能源供給配置,形成一個獨立可控的系統(tǒng)。獨立微電網是偏遠地區(qū)和海島地區(qū)用戶用電的重要依托,有效地提高了這些區(qū)域供電的可靠性。由于獨立微電網可再生能源得不到合理的調度,“棄風、棄光”現象嚴重,當前著重要解決提高可再生能源利用率的問題。因此本課題在研究微電網正常工作的基礎上,著重研究獨立微電網的能量優(yōu)化問題。本文首先分析了微電網技術的研究背景,以及世界各國對微電網的定義和科研成果。介紹微電網普遍構成結構和運行方式,并介紹此基本結構的基本特點。深入研究了微電網系統(tǒng)中普遍采用的三種控制技術,并且針對系統(tǒng)中的各個部分分析了其保護方式。闡述了微電網在能量管理中與大電網之間的不同,根據其能量管理系統(tǒng)的定義及研究現狀,全面分析微電網研究的潛在價值。本文對于偏遠地區(qū),結合當地自然條件,搭建獨立的風光柴蓄微電網系統(tǒng)為用戶進行供電。對獨立微電網內部的光伏陣列、風力發(fā)電機、鉛酸蓄電池和柴油發(fā)電機進行研究,介紹其主要的工作原理,搭建分布式電源的輸出功率數學模型以及分析其約束條件。為了保障獨立微電網的穩(wěn)定運行,本文提出一種具有動態(tài)特性的多時間尺度優(yōu)化能量調度策略。最后,基于一個獨立微電網優(yōu)化算例,通過研究該獨立微電網的結構特征,分析主流優(yōu)化算法后確定本文使用粒子群優(yōu)化算法,概述提出粒子群算法的思路,并且分析粒子群算法核心內涵以及優(yōu)化原理。根據分布式電源的數學模型、能量優(yōu)化策略、目標函數和約束條件,對算例進行二級優(yōu)化分析,通過算法選定微電網系統(tǒng)的各個分布式電源的最優(yōu)組合形式,總結并分析了本課題研究的微電網能量優(yōu)化策略的可行性。
[Abstract]:Microgrid is a modern smart grid combined with new energy sources. According to the research, it is found that comparing the renewable energy to the large power grid directly with the microgrid, the impact on the power supply stability can be alleviated to a great extent, and the microgrid is used as the strong support of the traditional large power grid. A lot of power outages caused by the impact or failure of large power grids are avoided. In practical application, microgrid can make full use of local scattered natural resources, reduce environmental pollution, and alleviate the shortage of fossil energy. In addition, it can also protect the power supply of large power grid, in order to achieve the diversification of electricity demand. Based on these advantages, the research of microgrid is in full swing. Independent microgrid is an independent and controllable system which combines each distributed power source, energy storage device and electric load, and forms an independent and controllable system through the effective allocation of energy supply. Independent microgrid is an important support for users in remote areas and island areas, which effectively improves the reliability of power supply in these areas. Because the renewable energy of independent microgrid can not get reasonable dispatch, the phenomenon of "abandon the wind, abandon the light" is serious. At present, it is very important to solve the problem of improving the utilization ratio of renewable energy. Therefore, on the basis of studying the normal operation of microgrid, this paper focuses on the energy optimization of independent microgrid. This paper first analyzes the research background of microgrid technology and the definition and research results of microgrid in the world. This paper introduces the general structure and operation mode of microgrid, and introduces the basic characteristics of this basic structure. In this paper, three kinds of control techniques which are widely used in microgrid systems are studied, and their protection methods are analyzed for each part of the system. The differences between microgrid and large grid in energy management are expounded. According to the definition and research status of energy management system, the potential value of microgrid research is analyzed. In this paper, the remote area, combined with the local natural conditions, to build an independent solar energy storage micro-grid system for users to power. The photovoltaic arrays, wind turbines, lead-acid batteries and diesel generators in the independent microgrid are studied. The main working principles are introduced, the output power mathematical model of distributed power generation is built and its constraint conditions are analyzed. In order to ensure the stable operation of the independent microgrid, a multi-time scale optimal energy scheduling strategy with dynamic characteristics is proposed in this paper. Finally, based on an independent microgrid optimization example, by studying the structural characteristics of the independent microgrid and analyzing the mainstream optimization algorithm, the particle swarm optimization algorithm is used in this paper, and the idea of particle swarm optimization algorithm is summarized. The core connotation and optimization principle of PSO are analyzed. According to the mathematical model of distributed power generation, energy optimization strategy, objective function and constraint conditions, the two-level optimization analysis is carried out on the example, and the optimal combination form of each distributed generation in micro-grid system is selected by the algorithm. The feasibility of the microgrid energy optimization strategy studied in this paper is summarized and analyzed.
【學位授予單位】：北京建筑大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TM727

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