【摘要】：特高壓電力變壓器是特高壓智能電網(wǎng)的骨干設(shè)備,其顯著特點(diǎn)是電壓等級高、負(fù)載容量大,其運(yùn)行可靠性是電網(wǎng)安全穩(wěn)定運(yùn)行的基礎(chǔ)。在系統(tǒng)運(yùn)行過程中,電力變壓器易受各種內(nèi)外部過電壓的影響,尤其是雷電沖擊過電壓,對變壓器繞組絕緣結(jié)構(gòu)的影響更大。特高壓變壓器的電壓水平高,并受運(yùn)輸條件的限制,其尺寸、絕緣距離、絕緣厚度等不能無限增大。因此,在進(jìn)行特高壓變壓器設(shè)計(jì)時(shí),首先應(yīng)解決產(chǎn)品雷電沖擊下產(chǎn)品波過程問題,以保證繞組結(jié)構(gòu)的合理性和可靠性,從而確保產(chǎn)品掛網(wǎng)運(yùn)行的安全、可靠。本文通過查閱相關(guān)文獻(xiàn),對目前電力變壓器波過程研究現(xiàn)狀進(jìn)行了深入分析。首先,詳細(xì)研究了在雷電沖擊電壓作用下,變壓器繞組等值電路電容、電感參數(shù)計(jì)算問題。然后,結(jié)合實(shí)際工程經(jīng)驗(yàn),分析了多種繞組結(jié)構(gòu)形式下電容補(bǔ)償作用的效果,以典型1000kV特高壓自耦變壓器為例,設(shè)計(jì)了高壓、中壓、低壓、調(diào)壓、勵(lì)磁補(bǔ)償?shù)壤@組的結(jié)構(gòu)形式。最后,應(yīng)用專用雷電沖擊電壓計(jì)算軟件,對各工況下繞組的雷電沖擊情況進(jìn)行建模仿真分析,最終確定了特高壓變壓器各類繞組的類型。為驗(yàn)證雷電沖擊理論分析與實(shí)際的情況的差異性,對實(shí)際繞組模型的沖擊電壓試驗(yàn)及測試方法進(jìn)行了研究。首先,研究目前已有幾種繞組模型試驗(yàn)測量方法原理和特點(diǎn),對比分析其優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)。然后,針對以往測試方法的不足,提出了一種利用耦合傳感器測量雷電沖擊下繞組電壓的測量方法,研究制作了比例模型,并對模型進(jìn)行低電壓測試,將軟件仿真結(jié)果與實(shí)測的電壓分布情況進(jìn)行對比,證明了專業(yè)軟件的準(zhǔn)確性。最后,研究了高電壓雷電沖擊試驗(yàn)方法,并對模型進(jìn)行了雷電沖擊試驗(yàn),以考核模型繞組結(jié)構(gòu)絕緣的強(qiáng)度。經(jīng)分析,該繞組結(jié)構(gòu)無擊穿、放電現(xiàn)象,通過高電壓型式試驗(yàn)考核,為特高壓變壓器的產(chǎn)品設(shè)計(jì)奠定了堅(jiān)實(shí)基礎(chǔ)。
[Abstract]:UHV power transformer is the backbone equipment of UHV smart grid, its remarkable characteristics are high voltage grade, large load capacity, and its operation reliability is the basis of safe and stable operation of power grid. During the operation of the system, power transformers are susceptible to various internal and external overvoltages, especially lightning impulse overvoltages, which have a greater impact on the insulation structure of transformer windings. The voltage level of UHV transformer is high and limited by transportation conditions. Its size, insulation distance and insulation thickness can not be increased indefinitely. Therefore, in the design of UHV transformer, the problem of product wave process under the impact of product lightning should be solved first, so as to ensure the rationality and reliability of the winding structure and ensure the safety and reliability of the operation of the product grid. In this paper, the current research status of power transformer wave process is analyzed by consulting relevant documents. Firstly, the calculation of the equivalent circuit capacitance and inductance of transformer winding under the action of lightning impulse voltage is studied in detail. Then, combined with practical engineering experience, the effect of capacitor compensation under various winding structures is analyzed. Taking typical 1000kV UHV autotransformer as an example, the structure forms of high voltage, medium voltage, low voltage, voltage regulating and excitation compensation windings are designed. Finally, by using the special lightning impulse voltage calculation software, the lightning impulse situation of the windings under various working conditions is modeled and analyzed, and the types of various windings of the UHV transformer are finally determined. In order to verify the difference between the theoretical analysis of lightning shock and the actual situation, the impulse voltage test and test method of the actual winding model are studied. Firstly, the principle and characteristics of several winding model test methods are studied, and their advantages and disadvantages are compared and analyzed. Then, in view of the shortcomings of the previous testing methods, a method of measuring winding voltage under lightning shock by coupling sensor is proposed, and the proportional model is developed, and the model is tested at low voltage. The accuracy of the software is proved by comparing the simulation results with the measured voltage distribution. Finally, the high voltage lightning shock test method is studied, and the lightning shock test is carried out on the model to assess the insulation strength of the model winding structure. The analysis shows that the winding structure has no breakdown and discharge phenomenon. Through the test of high voltage type, it lays a solid foundation for the product design of UHV transformer.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：TM41

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