【摘要】：近年來國內(nèi)多條線路出現(xiàn)復合絕緣子異常溫升和斷裂現(xiàn)象,水分可能是引起這些問題的重要因素。因此本文通過吸濕和透濕試驗研究了不同因素對水分侵入復合絕緣子的影響。首先使用稱重法,研究了配方、老化對硅橡膠和芯棒材料吸濕行為的影響以及溫度、濕度、電場對硅橡膠吸濕行為的影響。然后在此基礎上,研究了界面粘接強度、界面氣隙嚴重程度對復合絕緣子透濕性能的影響以及復合絕緣子沿串不同位置透濕性能的差異性。吸濕試驗結(jié)果表明,配方對材料吸濕性能的影響明顯。Al(OH)3(ATH)相對含量從ATH0~ATH200變化時,硅橡膠飽和增重率先增后減,當ATH含量為100(即現(xiàn)場復合絕緣子硅橡膠ATH填料含量)時,飽和增重率最大。白炭黑填料對硅橡膠吸濕特性的影響與ATH相似,白炭黑相對含量為100(即現(xiàn)場復合絕緣子硅橡膠白炭黑填料含量)時飽和增重率最大。使用氧化鐵著色劑的紅色硅橡膠材料比灰色硅橡膠飽和增重率更大。不同廠家的芯棒材料新試樣在吸濕性能上存在差異。老化對材料的破壞作用明顯,對材料吸濕增重率影響顯著。電暈老化后硅橡膠試樣的飽和增重率遠高于新試樣,原因是電子轟擊導致孔洞、縫隙大量出現(xiàn),增加了硅橡膠對水分子的吸附面積,加之硅橡膠材料中的親水性基團增加,導致材料的吸濕率上升。飽和增重率隨著老化時間的增加呈指數(shù)上升。濕熱老化后芯棒的增重率明顯高于新試樣�？赡艿脑蚴菨駸崂匣^程中環(huán)氧樹脂基體溶脹、水解導致與玻璃纖維的界面出現(xiàn)脫粘進而形成水分擴散通道。環(huán)境因素通過改變擴散條件的劇烈程度來影響材料的吸濕行為。25℃下,隨著環(huán)境濕度的增加,硅橡膠飽和增重率與濕度呈正比例關(guān)系,濕度越大飽和增重率越高。75%濕度下,由于硅橡膠的吸濕過程會放出熱量,溫度的升高使水分子在硅橡膠中的溶解度降低,溫度越高硅橡膠的吸濕能力越弱。2.6k V/cm交流電場對硅橡膠材料吸濕特性無明顯影響,2.6k V/cm直流電場對硅橡膠材料吸濕有一定的抑制作用。透濕試驗結(jié)果表明,空氣中的水分可以透過硅橡膠材料、硅橡膠-芯棒界面、芯棒材料后到達芯棒內(nèi)部。界面粘接強度與復合絕緣子的透濕性能無明顯相關(guān)性。因物理破壞導致的界面氣隙對復合絕緣子透濕影響有限。同支絕緣子沿串透濕性能分布不均勻,透濕速率從高到低依次為高壓端、低壓端、中壓端。
[Abstract]:In recent years, the phenomenon of abnormal temperature rise and fracture of composite insulators occurred in many lines in China, and moisture may be an important factor causing these problems. In this paper, the influence of different factors on water invasion composite insulator is studied through moisture absorption and moisture permeation tests. Firstly, the effects of formula, aging on moisture absorption behavior of silicone rubber and mandrel materials and the effects of temperature, humidity and electric field on moisture absorption behavior of silicone rubber were studied by weighing method. On this basis, the influence of interface bonding strength, interface air gap severity on the moisture permeability of composite insulators and the difference of moisture permeability of composite insulators at different positions along the string are studied. The results of moisture absorption test showed that when the relative content of Al (OH) _ 3 (ATH) changed from ATH0~ATH200 to ATH0~ATH200, the saturated weight of silicone rubber increased first and then decreased, when the content of ATH was 100 (that is, the content of ATH filler of composite insulator in situ). The saturation weight gain rate is the highest. The effect of silica filler on the moisture absorption characteristics of silicone rubber is similar to that of ATH. The saturation weight gain rate of silica filler is the highest when the relative content of silica is 100 (i.e. the content of silica filler of silicone rubber silica in situ composite insulator). The red silicone rubber material using iron oxide colorant has higher saturated weight gain than gray silicone rubber. The new mandrel materials from different manufacturers have different hygroscopicity. The effect of aging on the damage of the material is obvious, and on the rate of moisture absorption and weight gain of the material is obvious. After corona aging, the saturated weight gain rate of silicone rubber sample is much higher than that of new sample. The reason is that electron bombardment results in holes and large number of cracks, which increases the adsorption area of silicone rubber to water molecules and increases the hydrophilic group in silicone rubber material. The moisture absorption rate of the material increases. The saturated weight gain rate increased exponentially with the aging time. The weight gain rate of the mandrel is obviously higher than that of the new specimen after hygrothermal aging. The possible reason is the swelling of epoxy resin matrix and hydrolysis of epoxy resin during hygrothermal aging, which leads to the debonding of the interface with glass fiber and the formation of water diffusion channel. Environmental factors influence the moisture absorption behavior of the materials by changing the intensity of diffusion conditions. With the increase of environmental humidity, the ratio of saturated weight gain of silicone rubber is proportional to the humidity. The higher the humidity is, the higher the saturated weight gain rate of silicone rubber is, and the higher the humidity is, the higher the humidity is. Because the moisture absorption process of silicone rubber releases heat, the increase of temperature reduces the solubility of water molecules in silicone rubber. The hygroscopicity of silicone rubber with higher temperature is weaker. 2.6k V/cm alternating current field has no obvious influence on the moisture absorption characteristics of silicone rubber material. The 2.6k V/cm DC field has a certain inhibition effect on the moisture absorption of silicone rubber material. The results of moisture permeation test show that the moisture in air can pass through the silicone rubber material, the interface between silicone rubber and mandrel, and then the mandrel material can reach the inner part of the mandrel. There is no obvious correlation between the interfacial bonding strength and the moisture permeability of composite insulators. The interface air gap caused by physical failure has a limited effect on the moisture permeability of composite insulators. The distribution of moisture permeability of the same insulator is not uniform along the string. The moisture permeability rate from high to low is high voltage end, low voltage end and medium pressure end.
【學位授予單位】：華北電力大學(北京)
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TM216

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