【摘要】：開關(guān)磁阻電機(jī)(Switched Reluctance Motor,SRM)定轉(zhuǎn)子結(jié)構(gòu)簡單、機(jī)械強(qiáng)度高、繞組各相相互獨(dú)立工作,具有起動(dòng)電流小、起動(dòng)轉(zhuǎn)矩大、容錯(cuò)運(yùn)行等優(yōu)異性能,近年來受到廣泛關(guān)注,并正逐步應(yīng)用于電動(dòng)汽車、工業(yè)自動(dòng)化、航天器械等市場領(lǐng)域,特別是國內(nèi)新能源電動(dòng)汽車的大力推廣,為SRM的應(yīng)用提供了廣闊的前景。但由于其定轉(zhuǎn)子雙凸極結(jié)構(gòu)和非線性的電磁轉(zhuǎn)矩特性,導(dǎo)致其轉(zhuǎn)矩脈動(dòng)大、噪音大,限制了其在對(duì)噪音和轉(zhuǎn)矩脈動(dòng)要求較高場合的應(yīng)用。為減小轉(zhuǎn)矩脈動(dòng),提高系統(tǒng)的整體效率,本文提出了一種基于轉(zhuǎn)矩分配函數(shù)(Torque Sharing Function,TSF)的直接瞬時(shí)轉(zhuǎn)矩控制策略。首先介紹了 SRM的特點(diǎn),闡述了其存在的問題、轉(zhuǎn)矩脈動(dòng)優(yōu)化控制方面的研究現(xiàn)狀,并分析了其基本工作原理、數(shù)學(xué)方程。通過綜合對(duì)比分析建模方法,給出了本文采用的離線堵轉(zhuǎn)磁鏈測量和轉(zhuǎn)矩測量建模方法,然后根據(jù)測量樣機(jī)得到的轉(zhuǎn)矩、磁鏈特性表,對(duì)SRM進(jìn)行非線性數(shù)學(xué)建模。其次,介紹了 SRM的三種基本控制方式、電機(jī)的運(yùn)行特性以及給出了典型的余弦型TSF理論分析,并對(duì)換向區(qū)的轉(zhuǎn)矩塌陷問題進(jìn)行了理論分析。在此基礎(chǔ)上提出了基于TSF的直接瞬時(shí)轉(zhuǎn)矩控制方法,在Matlab/Simulink環(huán)境下搭建了系統(tǒng)仿真圖,并對(duì)電流斬波控制策略下的轉(zhuǎn)矩脈動(dòng)和電流波形進(jìn)行了對(duì)比分析,驗(yàn)證了基于TSF的直接瞬時(shí)轉(zhuǎn)矩控制策略的正確性。最后,本文設(shè)計(jì)了 SRM調(diào)速系統(tǒng)的功率變換器、控制電路、驅(qū)動(dòng)電路、電流檢測電路以及位置檢測電路,搭建了一臺(tái)15KW三相12/8極SRM控制系統(tǒng)實(shí)驗(yàn)測試平臺(tái),給出了軟件設(shè)計(jì)的流程,并對(duì)影響系統(tǒng)關(guān)鍵的程序進(jìn)行了詳細(xì)的設(shè)計(jì),接著對(duì)整套控制系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行了調(diào)速和負(fù)載測試,然后對(duì)本文提出的控制算法進(jìn)行了實(shí)驗(yàn)驗(yàn)證。結(jié)果表明,本文提出的基于TSF的直接瞬時(shí)轉(zhuǎn)矩控制策略對(duì)轉(zhuǎn)矩脈動(dòng)優(yōu)化和提高系統(tǒng)的運(yùn)行效率具有一定的有效性和可行性。
[Abstract]:Switched reluctance Motor (SRM) has many advantages, such as simple structure, high mechanical strength, independent operation of each phase of winding, low starting current, large starting torque, fault-tolerant operation and so on. And it is gradually applied to electric vehicles, industrial automation, aerospace equipment and other market fields, especially the vigorously promotion of new energy electric vehicles in China, which provides a broad prospect for the application of SRM. However, due to its doubly salient structure and nonlinear electromagnetic torque characteristics, its torque ripple is large and its noise is large, which limits its application in high demand for noise and torque ripple. In order to reduce torque ripple and improve the overall efficiency of the system, a direct instantaneous torque control strategy based on torque sharing function (TSF) is proposed in this paper. Firstly, the characteristics of SRM are introduced, the existing problems and the research status of torque ripple optimization control are described, and the basic working principle and mathematical equation are analyzed. Based on the comprehensive comparison and analysis of modeling methods, this paper presents the off-line turbo flux measurement and torque measurement modeling methods, and then carries out nonlinear mathematical modeling of SRM according to the torque and flux characteristic table obtained from the measuring prototype. Secondly, three basic control methods of SRM are introduced, the operating characteristics of the motor and the theoretical analysis of typical cosine TSF are given, and the problem of torque collapse in commutating region is analyzed theoretically. On this basis, a direct instantaneous torque control method based on TSF is proposed. The system simulation diagram is built in Matlab / Simulink environment, and the torque ripple and current waveform under the current chopping control strategy are compared and analyzed. The correctness of direct instantaneous torque control strategy based on TSF is verified. Finally, the power converter, control circuit, drive circuit, current detection circuit and position detection circuit of SRM speed regulation system are designed, and an experimental test platform of 15KW three-phase 12 / 8 pole SRM control system is built. The flow chart of the software design is given, and the key program of the system is designed in detail. Then, the speed regulation and load test of the whole control system are carried out, and the control algorithm proposed in this paper is verified by experiment. The results show that the proposed direct instantaneous torque control strategy based on TSF is effective and feasible to optimize torque ripple and improve the efficiency of the system.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：大連海事大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：TM352

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