【摘要】：我國(guó)對(duì)于清潔可再生能源的開(kāi)發(fā)利用極為重視,無(wú)論是以前還是現(xiàn)在,風(fēng)能的有效利用率總是與清潔能源密切相關(guān),能夠較好的利用風(fēng)能發(fā)電可以減少煤炭、化石燃料的使用,從而減少污染,如霧霾,酸雨等等一系些列對(duì)人類(lèi)衣食住行有損的自然災(zāi)害。由于自動(dòng)化技術(shù)飛快的發(fā)展以及大量的自動(dòng)化產(chǎn)品普遍使用,風(fēng)能的利用也隨之迅速發(fā)展,從之前的單機(jī)容量發(fā)展到現(xiàn)在的幾百兆瓦,它的控制方法也從定槳轉(zhuǎn)向變槳距控制,即是目前使用的變速控制方法。直驅(qū)式風(fēng)力發(fā)電機(jī)組是一種無(wú)齒輪箱的風(fēng)力發(fā)電機(jī),降低了因?yàn)辇X輪箱磨碎等問(wèn)題帶來(lái)的失效問(wèn)題。直驅(qū)式風(fēng)力發(fā)電機(jī)使用在風(fēng)力發(fā)電場(chǎng)中,其具有低風(fēng)速運(yùn)行時(shí)候的高效利用率、減少了在損害過(guò)程中的維護(hù)成本等等一系列優(yōu)點(diǎn),并且得到相對(duì)比較快速的發(fā)展。本文內(nèi)容研究的目的是為了提高風(fēng)能的最大利用率,實(shí)現(xiàn)直驅(qū)式風(fēng)力發(fā)電機(jī)組無(wú)人工操作的自動(dòng)控制,就變槳調(diào)速控制系統(tǒng)存在的一些問(wèn)題進(jìn)行一定的研究。本文通過(guò)風(fēng)力機(jī)的空氣動(dòng)力學(xué)基礎(chǔ)知識(shí),計(jì)算出葉尖速度比值?及槳葉的節(jié)距角度值?以及風(fēng)能的利用系數(shù)pC之間是呈非線性的關(guān)系,提出把PID控制、PLC控制策略引入模糊控制器,構(gòu)成以PLC作為執(zhí)行器與模糊PID復(fù)合控制相結(jié)合的方法。然根據(jù)變槳調(diào)速系統(tǒng)中相應(yīng)部件的執(zhí)行順序,設(shè)計(jì)變槳調(diào)速的硬件系統(tǒng),利用Gx-Developer軟件設(shè)計(jì)變槳調(diào)速的控制系統(tǒng),通過(guò)相應(yīng)的I/O信號(hào)分配表、編寫(xiě)梯形圖程序。同時(shí)本文采用了89C52單片機(jī)作為核心的處理器,并對(duì)硬件的外圍電路進(jìn)行設(shè)計(jì),主要有AD/DA轉(zhuǎn)換模塊,最小系統(tǒng)模塊,人體紅外感應(yīng)模塊、紅外遙控等。并對(duì)直驅(qū)式風(fēng)力發(fā)電機(jī)組各個(gè)組成部分進(jìn)行了解,根據(jù)直驅(qū)式風(fēng)力發(fā)電機(jī)組的特性,并通過(guò)風(fēng)速和風(fēng)力機(jī)的特點(diǎn),建立相關(guān)數(shù)學(xué)模型,通過(guò)MATLAB/Simulink軟件進(jìn)行仿真,分析各執(zhí)行部件在不同運(yùn)行速度下,變槳調(diào)速系統(tǒng)與風(fēng)速波動(dòng)之間的關(guān)系,進(jìn)而驗(yàn)證風(fēng)機(jī)的利用率和發(fā)電效率,并根據(jù)數(shù)據(jù)結(jié)果,對(duì)擬定的變槳調(diào)速系統(tǒng)中的相應(yīng)部件改進(jìn)修正,在風(fēng)速高于額定風(fēng)速時(shí),通過(guò)控制槳葉節(jié)距角來(lái)改變攻角度值從而改變風(fēng)機(jī)獲得的空氣動(dòng)力轉(zhuǎn)矩,最終實(shí)現(xiàn)功率輸出穩(wěn)定的目的。
[Abstract]:China attaches great importance to the development and utilization of clean and renewable energy. Whether in the past or now, the effective utilization of wind energy is always closely related to clean energy, which can reduce the use of coal and fossil fuels. This reduces pollution, such as haze, acid rain, and so on. With the rapid development of automation technology and the widespread use of a large number of automation products, the use of wind energy has also developed rapidly, from the previous single machine capacity to the present hundreds of megawatts, and its control method has also changed from constant propeller to variable pitch control. That is, the current use of variable speed control method. Direct drive wind turbine is a kind of wind turbine without gear box, which reduces the failure problem caused by gear box grinding. The direct-drive wind turbine used in the wind farm has a series of advantages, such as low wind speed operation efficiency, reduced maintenance cost in the damage process, and relatively rapid development. The purpose of this paper is to improve the maximum utilization rate of wind energy and to realize the automatic control of direct-drive wind turbine without manual operation. Some problems existing in the variable propeller speed regulation control system are studied. Based on the basic knowledge of aerodynamics of wind turbine, the ratio of blade tip velocity to blade tip velocity is calculated in this paper. And pitch angle of the blade? And the nonlinear relation between the utilization coefficient of wind energy, PLC control strategy of pid control is introduced into fuzzy controller, and the method of combining PLC as actuator and fuzzy pid control is proposed. However, according to the execution order of the corresponding parts in the variable propeller speed regulation system, the hardware system of variable propeller speed regulation is designed, and the control system of variable propeller speed regulation is designed by using Gx-Developer software. Through the corresponding I / O signal distribution table, the trapezoidal diagram program is written. At the same time, this paper adopts 89C52 single chip microcomputer as the core processor, and designs the peripheral circuit of the hardware, including ADP-DA conversion module, minimum system module, infrared sensor module, infrared remote control module and so on. According to the characteristics of direct-drive wind turbine, and through the characteristics of wind speed and wind turbine, the related mathematical model is established, and the simulation is carried out by MATLAB / Simulink software. The relationship between the variable propeller speed control system and the wind speed fluctuation is analyzed at different operating speeds, and the utilization ratio and generation efficiency of the fan are verified, and according to the results of the data, the relationship between the variable propeller speed control system and the wind speed fluctuation is analyzed. The corresponding components in the proposed variable pitch speed control system are modified. When the wind speed is higher than the rated wind speed, the angle of attack is changed by controlling the pitch angle of the blade to change the aerodynamic torque obtained by the fan. Finally, the power output is stable.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：石河子大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：TP273;TM315

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本文編號(hào)：2137792