發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-06-13 11:14

  本文選題：智能電網(wǎng) + AMI網(wǎng)絡(luò)��； 參考：《華北電力大學(xué)(北京)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：大量數(shù)據(jù)采集和信息處理技術(shù)保障了智能電網(wǎng)的有效運(yùn)行,而高級量測體系A(chǔ)MI網(wǎng)絡(luò)是實(shí)現(xiàn)智能化電網(wǎng)邁出的第一步。在AMI網(wǎng)絡(luò)中,設(shè)備之間的鏈接一般具有高丟包率、低帶寬、不穩(wěn)定的特點(diǎn),這種類型的網(wǎng)絡(luò)通常被稱為低功耗有損網(wǎng)絡(luò)LLNs。目前RPL路由協(xié)議成為針對LLNs的最成熟的解決方案,因其適用于低功耗、低存儲(chǔ)、低處理能力的嵌入式設(shè)備,并能滿足大規(guī)模的監(jiān)視、控制要求,成為AMI網(wǎng)絡(luò)中重要的路由協(xié)議。但RPL協(xié)議在AMI網(wǎng)絡(luò)的應(yīng)用中還存在諸多缺陷,需要通過優(yōu)化和改進(jìn)來滿足AMI網(wǎng)絡(luò)嚴(yán)格的性能指標(biāo)要求,因此研究RPL路由協(xié)議在AMI網(wǎng)絡(luò)應(yīng)用中的優(yōu)化是至關(guān)重要的。本文針對RPL路由協(xié)議在AMI網(wǎng)絡(luò)中的應(yīng)用、作用機(jī)理、關(guān)鍵機(jī)制進(jìn)行了介紹和分析,在此基礎(chǔ)上,分析了RPL路由協(xié)議的主要優(yōu)缺點(diǎn),并重點(diǎn)研究了RPL協(xié)議在AMI網(wǎng)絡(luò)中負(fù)載均衡方面的優(yōu)化,提出兩個(gè)負(fù)載均衡算法,在AMI網(wǎng)絡(luò)中降低整個(gè)電網(wǎng)在信息傳輸方面的損耗。第一,本文對路由過程中的普通節(jié)點(diǎn)進(jìn)行負(fù)載均衡機(jī)制的添加,定義了兩個(gè)路由度量參考指標(biāo):鄰居距離和剩余能量級別,并使用了兩重負(fù)載均衡方法:劃分能級和通信半徑的改變,設(shè)計(jì)了基于普通節(jié)點(diǎn)負(fù)載均衡的OLB-RPL路由優(yōu)化協(xié)議,提升了路由選擇過程中能量的有效性并大大增加了節(jié)點(diǎn)的生命周期;第二,本文針對OLB-RPL路由協(xié)議中出現(xiàn)的沒有統(tǒng)一的權(quán)重分配、只局限于整個(gè)網(wǎng)絡(luò)通信量均勻情況的兩個(gè)問題進(jìn)行改進(jìn),給出了基于組合權(quán)重的RPL協(xié)議負(fù)載均衡算法,引入節(jié)點(diǎn)通信量構(gòu)成三個(gè)參考度量并使用組合權(quán)重計(jì)算綜合評價(jià)隸屬度,根據(jù)綜合評價(jià)隸屬度尋找最優(yōu)下一跳節(jié)點(diǎn)。最后,針對本文給出的兩個(gè)改進(jìn)算法設(shè)計(jì)了相應(yīng)的場景仿真,結(jié)果驗(yàn)證了算法的有效性,證明本文提供的兩個(gè)負(fù)載均衡算法可以提升RPL協(xié)議在智能電網(wǎng)AMI網(wǎng)絡(luò)應(yīng)用中的能量有效性和適用性。
[Abstract]:A large amount of data acquisition and information processing technology ensure the effective operation of smart grid, and the advanced measurement system AMI network is the first step to realize intelligent grid. In AMI networks, the links between devices are generally characterized by high packet loss rate, low bandwidth and instability. This type of network is usually called low power loss LLNs. At present, RPL routing protocol has become the most mature solution for LLNs, because it is suitable for embedded devices with low power consumption, low storage and low processing capacity, and can meet the requirements of large-scale monitoring and control, it has become an important routing protocol in AMI networks. However, there are still many defects in the application of RPL protocol in AMI network, which need to be optimized and improved to meet the strict performance requirements of AMI network. Therefore, it is very important to study the optimization of RPL routing protocol in AMI network. In this paper, the application, mechanism and key mechanism of RPL routing protocol in AMI network are introduced and analyzed. On this basis, the main advantages and disadvantages of RPL routing protocol are analyzed. This paper focuses on the optimization of RPL in AMI network, and proposes two load balancing algorithms to reduce the loss of information transmission in AMI network. First, this paper adds load balancing mechanism to common nodes in routing process, and defines two routing metrics: neighbor distance and residual energy level. Two load balancing methods are used: the change of partition energy level and communication radius, and the OLB-RPL routing optimization protocol based on load balancing of common nodes is designed. It improves the efficiency of energy in routing process and greatly increases the life cycle of nodes. Secondly, this paper focuses on the lack of uniform weight allocation in OLB-RPL routing protocol. This paper presents a load balancing algorithm for RPL protocol based on combinatorial weight, which is limited to two problems of uniform network traffic, and introduces node traffic to form three reference metrics and uses combined weight to calculate the membership degree of comprehensive evaluation. The optimal next hop node is found according to the membership degree of comprehensive evaluation. Finally, the corresponding scene simulation is designed for the two improved algorithms presented in this paper. The results show that the algorithm is effective. It is proved that the two load balancing algorithms provided in this paper can improve the energy efficiency and applicability of RPL protocol in smart grid AMI network.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華北電力大學(xué)(北京)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：TM76

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本文編號(hào)：2013842