本文選題：風電機組 + 變槳系統(tǒng)��； 參考：《華北電力大學(北京)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：世界石化能源危機的日趨明顯,掀起了可再生能源發(fā)展的新潮流,風能作為其中的重要一類,發(fā)展迅速。截止到2015年年底,中國的累計裝機容量為145.4GW,位于世界第一,占全球累計裝機容量的33.6%。這意味著,有超過9萬臺的風機需要后續(xù)至少20年的維護工作,而在這一過程中,風電設備故障診斷將必不可少且非常重要。其中,變槳系統(tǒng)作為風機的功率調(diào)節(jié)與安全制動系統(tǒng),常常隨著風速的變化頻繁變槳,工作環(huán)境惡劣,故障率居高不下。但現(xiàn)有對變槳系統(tǒng)故障診斷的研究文獻較少,現(xiàn)場對風電機組變槳系統(tǒng)的檢測與診斷多依賴于SCADA報警系統(tǒng)。然而,由于SCADA系統(tǒng)沒有綜合考慮變槳系統(tǒng)各子系統(tǒng)以及風機運行參數(shù)間存在的強耦合性,每當其檢測到變槳系統(tǒng)故障時,總是出現(xiàn)一連串的報警信息,隨機且無序,無法確認真正故障源,給故障停機后的維修造成較大的困難。本文針對SCADA系統(tǒng)連鎖報警問題,基于風電場SCADA運行數(shù)據(jù),將Fisher判別分析法引入到變槳系統(tǒng)故障診斷中,形成一種基于FDA貢獻圖的故障源分離方法。該方法通過計算出故障數(shù)據(jù)的偏離方向以及各變量相對于該方向偏離所做的貢獻率,生成FDA貢獻圖,從而甄別出引起故障的主要參變量,實現(xiàn)故障源分離。并通過模擬數(shù)據(jù)和實例數(shù)據(jù)分別進行分析驗證,結(jié)果表明該方法能夠準確的識別出主要故障源,并能夠據(jù)此實現(xiàn)進一步的故障定位,對后續(xù)的故障診斷和制定檢修預案有著重要的指導作用。此外,本文從變槳系統(tǒng)的結(jié)構(gòu)組成及其邏輯關(guān)系出發(fā),繪制出變槳系統(tǒng)的結(jié)構(gòu)拓撲圖及其邏輯關(guān)系圖;然后在此基礎上,分析了變槳系統(tǒng)的故障特性,包括其分布特性、傳遞特性以及表現(xiàn)特性,并在故障傳遞特性中以主要的電源、控制信號及通訊信號三種信號為傳遞路徑繪制出變槳系統(tǒng)各子系統(tǒng)及結(jié)構(gòu)的線路傳遞圖;最后,采用FMEA分析法對變槳系統(tǒng)的故障模式進行系統(tǒng)的分析,從變槳系統(tǒng)的各故障模式出發(fā),通過變槳系統(tǒng)的結(jié)構(gòu)拓撲,傳遞路徑分析,尋找可能的故障原因從而實現(xiàn)故障定位,并形成包括變槳控制系統(tǒng)和執(zhí)行機構(gòu)在內(nèi)的9張FMEA分析表。
[Abstract]:The world petrochemical energy crisis is becoming more and more obvious, which has set off a new trend of renewable energy development. Wind energy, as an important category, is developing rapidly. By the end of 2015, China's cumulative installed capacity was 145.4 GW, ranking first in the world and accounting for 33.6% of the world's cumulative installed capacity. This means that more than 90,000 fans will need to be maintained for at least another 20 years, and in the process, fault diagnosis of wind power equipment will be essential and important. As the power regulation and safety braking system of the fan, the variable propeller system often changes the propeller frequently with the change of the wind speed, the working environment is bad, the failure rate is high. However, there are few literatures on fault diagnosis of variable propeller system, and the detection and diagnosis of variable propeller system of wind turbine mostly depend on SCADA alarm system. However, since the SCADA system does not take into account the strong coupling between the various subsystems of the propeller system and the operational parameters of the fan, a series of alarm messages appear whenever the faults of the propeller system are detected, which is random and disordered. Unable to identify the true source of failure, causing greater difficulty in maintenance after failure. Aiming at the problem of chain alarm in SCADA system, based on the SCADA operation data of wind farm, this paper introduces Fisher discriminant analysis into fault diagnosis of propeller system, and forms a fault source separation method based on FDA contribution diagram. By calculating the deviation direction of the fault data and the contribution rate of each variable relative to this direction, the FDA contribution diagram is generated, and the main parameter variables caused by the fault are identified, and the fault source separation is realized. The results show that the method can identify the main fault sources accurately and realize the further fault location based on the simulation data and the example data. It plays an important role in fault diagnosis and maintenance plan. In addition, the structure topology diagram and its logic relation diagram of the variable propeller system are drawn from the structure composition and logic relation of the variable propeller system, and then the fault characteristics of the variable propeller system, including its distribution characteristics, are analyzed. Transmission characteristics and performance characteristics, and in the fault transmission characteristics of the main power supply, control signal and communication signal as the transmission path to draw out the pitch system subsystem and structure of the line transfer diagram; finally, The fault mode of the variable propeller system is analyzed systematically by using FMEA analysis method. Starting from the various fault modes of the variable propeller system, through the structural topology of the variable propeller system and the analysis of the transmission path, the possible fault causes can be found and the fault location can be realized. Nine FMEA analysis tables including propeller control system and actuator are formed.
【學位授予單位】：華北電力大學(北京)
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TM315

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