本文關(guān)鍵詞： VRLA電池 電荷狀態(tài) 系統(tǒng)辨識(shí)　出處：《北京工業(yè)大學(xué)》2016年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：電池的剩余容量是蓄電池的重要性能指標(biāo)之一,也是判斷電池,是否發(fā)生故障以及失效的最可靠的參數(shù),通常用電荷狀態(tài)SOC來(lái)表示(state of charge)。然而由于蓄電池的SOC,不能通過(guò)直接測(cè)量得到,因此在工程上,常通過(guò)監(jiān)測(cè)蓄電池的內(nèi)阻或測(cè)量開路電壓,來(lái)對(duì)蓄電池進(jìn)行日常維護(hù)。但由于蓄電池在不同的工作環(huán)境和不同的失效模式下,其內(nèi)阻和電壓的表現(xiàn)形式也不一樣。本文重點(diǎn)研究了VRLA電池的電荷狀態(tài)SOC與內(nèi)阻和電壓之間的關(guān)系,以及通過(guò)系統(tǒng)辨識(shí)來(lái)估計(jì)VRLA電池的參數(shù)。首先介紹蓄電池和VRLA電池的發(fā)展及其工作原理,以及到目前為止,人們關(guān)于VRLA電池SOC估計(jì)研究現(xiàn)狀,研究VRLA電池的常見失效模式,及其相應(yīng)的應(yīng)對(duì)措施,同時(shí)比較VRLA電池的幾種常用的物理模型以及各模型在電池性能研究方面的優(yōu)劣。之后,研究系統(tǒng)辨識(shí)的相關(guān)知識(shí),以及通過(guò)系統(tǒng)辨識(shí)來(lái)間接估計(jì)VRLA電池的SOC的方法。其次,主要針對(duì)公達(dá)數(shù)碼公司提供的VRLA電池設(shè)計(jì)了一系列的充放電實(shí)驗(yàn)來(lái)獲取VRLA電池的充放電特性曲線,同時(shí)證明了單獨(dú)通過(guò)電池的電壓或單獨(dú)通過(guò)電池的內(nèi)阻來(lái)判斷電池是否失效是不可靠的。利用這些實(shí)驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)通過(guò)MATLAB仿真并擬合出VRLA電池的電荷狀態(tài)SOC分別與電池的端電壓,開路電壓,和內(nèi)阻之間的關(guān)系,以及電池的SOC與內(nèi)阻和端電壓的關(guān)系,電池的SOC與內(nèi)阻和開路電壓之間的關(guān)系。通過(guò)擬合優(yōu)度篩選出最優(yōu)電池的SOC與各參數(shù)數(shù)學(xué)模型,為VRLA電池的失效性診斷和日常維護(hù)提供理論依據(jù)。同時(shí)為搭建合理的VRLA等效電池模型提供參考。再次,考慮到在實(shí)際工程中的應(yīng)用,建立了VRLA電池的二階RC電路模型,設(shè)計(jì)了VRLA電池模型的辨識(shí)輸入信號(hào),基于模型推導(dǎo)出了電池的開路電壓,內(nèi)阻與模型參數(shù)之間的關(guān)系,采用基于遺忘因子最小遞推二乘算法,估計(jì)了電池模型的相關(guān)參數(shù),最后通過(guò)電壓驗(yàn)證模型的正確性。其優(yōu)點(diǎn)在于避免了以往測(cè)量開路電壓時(shí)需要靜止很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間,而且此方法也可以應(yīng)用在線監(jiān)測(cè),在檢測(cè)儀器方面來(lái)說(shuō),系統(tǒng)辨識(shí)所需的設(shè)備成本比利用內(nèi)阻測(cè)試儀來(lái)測(cè)量電池參數(shù)的成本低。最后,開發(fā)了VRLA電池監(jiān)測(cè)系統(tǒng)軟件,開發(fā)工具使用的是Microsoft Visual Studio 2012,結(jié)合SQL SERVER2012數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù),實(shí)現(xiàn)對(duì)VRLA電池的性能監(jiān)測(cè)。軟件主要是通過(guò)測(cè)量的數(shù)據(jù)分析并擬合出可以判斷VRLA電池失效的數(shù)學(xué)公式,為VRLA電池的失效性判斷提供依據(jù)。
[Abstract]:The residual capacity of battery is one of the most important performance indexes of battery, and it is also the most reliable parameter to judge whether the battery is in trouble or not. The charge state SOC is usually used to denote the state of charge. However, since the SOC of the battery cannot be obtained by direct measurement, it is therefore in engineering. The battery is usually maintained by monitoring the internal resistance of the battery or measuring the open circuit voltage. However, the battery is in different working environment and different failure mode. The forms of internal resistance and voltage are also different. This paper focuses on the relationship between charge state SOC and internal resistance and voltage of VRLA cells. The parameters of VRLA battery are estimated by system identification. Firstly, the development and working principle of battery and VRLA battery are introduced. The current situation of SOC estimation of VRLA batteries, the common failure modes of VRLA batteries and the corresponding countermeasures are studied. At the same time, several common physical models of VRLA battery and the advantages and disadvantages of each model in battery performance research are compared. Then, the related knowledge of system identification is studied. And the method of indirectly estimating the SOC of VRLA battery by system identification. Secondly. A series of charge-discharge experiments are designed to obtain the charge-discharge characteristic curve of VRLA battery. It is also proved that it is not reliable to judge the failure of the battery by the voltage of the battery alone or by the internal resistance of the battery alone. The charge of the VRLA battery is simulated and fitted by MATLAB using these experimental data. The status SOC is associated with the terminal voltage of the battery. The relationship between open circuit voltage and internal resistance, and the relationship between SOC of battery and internal resistance and terminal voltage. The relationship between SOC and internal resistance and open circuit voltage. The mathematical models of SOC and each parameter of the optimal battery were selected by the goodness of fit. It provides a theoretical basis for the failure diagnosis and daily maintenance of VRLA batteries, and provides a reference for setting up a reasonable VRLA equivalent battery model. Thirdly, considering the application in practical engineering. The second-order RC circuit model of VRLA battery is established, and the identification input signal of VRLA battery model is designed. Based on the model, the relationship between open circuit voltage, internal resistance and model parameters is derived. The parameters of the battery model are estimated by using the least recursive two-multiplication algorithm based on the forgetting factor. Finally, the correctness of the model is verified by voltage. The advantage of the model is that it avoids the need for a long time of static when measuring open circuit voltage in the past, and this method can also be used in on-line monitoring, in terms of measuring instruments. The equipment cost of system identification is lower than that of using internal resistance tester to measure battery parameters. Finally, the software of VRLA battery monitoring system is developed. The development tool uses Microsoft Visual Studio 2012, combined with the SQL SERVER2012 database. The software is mainly based on the analysis of the measured data and fitting out the mathematical formula for judging the failure of VRLA battery, which provides the basis for judging the failure of VRLA battery.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：北京工業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號(hào)】：TM912

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