【摘要】：發(fā)展電動汽車是緩解環(huán)境壓力和保障能源安全的重要途徑,其能源補(bǔ)給設(shè)施的建設(shè)是推廣電動汽車不可或缺的必要條件。在多種充換電設(shè)施中,電動汽車換電站具有換電時間短、無需配套大型停車場、充電時間靈活、方便對動力電池統(tǒng)一維護(hù)管理等優(yōu)點。如何對換電站中充電機(jī)及動力電池進(jìn)行合理配置,是換電站規(guī)劃設(shè)計中需要解決的基礎(chǔ)性問題。在綜合考慮換電服務(wù)可用性及需求響應(yīng)策略的情況下,本文提出了電動汽車換電站的容量優(yōu)化配置方法。首先結(jié)合換電站的結(jié)構(gòu)與工作流程,在換電站“即換即充”的常規(guī)運行策略基礎(chǔ)上提出了引入對電價進(jìn)行需求響應(yīng)的充電策略；基于兩種不向的運行策略,建立了換電站工作狀態(tài)的時序仿真模型,輸入每時段需換電車次數(shù)量與換下的動力電池起始荷電狀態(tài),可得到每時段各狀態(tài)電動汽車與動力電池的數(shù)量。其次,研究了換電站系統(tǒng)服務(wù)可用性,綜合從換電可用車次、系統(tǒng)服務(wù)可用時間以及用戶換電需等待的時長等方面提出換電站系統(tǒng)服務(wù)可用性的評價指標(biāo),以對換電服務(wù)進(jìn)行量化評價；然后結(jié)合換電站工作狀態(tài)時序仿真模型,提出了換電站系統(tǒng)服務(wù)可用性評價指標(biāo)的計算方法。在此基礎(chǔ)上,以換電站購置動力電池與充電機(jī)的年成本與維護(hù)費用最小為目標(biāo)函數(shù),綜合考慮系統(tǒng)服務(wù)可用性的約束,建立了換電站容量配置的模型,并基于微分進(jìn)化算法對該模型進(jìn)行求解。最后,文章對具體算例進(jìn)行優(yōu)化配置計算,比較了常規(guī)運行策略下不同換電需求分布特性與不同服務(wù)可用性約束對配置結(jié)果的影響；然后引入幾種不同需求響應(yīng)措施運行策略的情況進(jìn)行研究,比較了不同需求響應(yīng)措施對配置結(jié)果與充電費用的影響；最后對幾種不同配置方案下?lián)Q電站的運行情況進(jìn)行了分析。
[Abstract]:The development of electric vehicles is an important way to alleviate environmental pressure and ensure energy security, and the construction of its energy supply facilities is an indispensable necessary condition for the promotion of electric vehicles. In a variety of charging and changing facilities, electric vehicle power station has the advantages of short switching time, no matching large parking lot, flexible charging time, convenient unified maintenance and management of power battery, and so on. How to configure the charger and power battery reasonably is the basic problem to be solved in the planning and design of the power station. Under the condition of considering the availability of power exchange service and demand response strategy, this paper puts forward the optimal allocation method of electric vehicle power station capacity. Firstly, based on the structure and work flow of the power station, the charging strategy of introducing the demand response to the electricity price is put forward on the basis of the conventional operation strategy of the power station. Based on two kinds of undirected operation strategies, the timing simulation model of the working state of the power station is established, and the number of vehicles to be changed and the initial charge state of the power battery are inputted. The number of electric vehicles and power batteries in each state can be obtained. Secondly, the service availability of the power station system is studied, and the evaluation index of the service availability of the power station system is put forward from the aspects of the number of available vehicles, the available time of the system service and the waiting time for the user to change the power supply. In order to carry on the quantitative evaluation to the power exchange service; Then, combined with the sequential simulation model of the working state of the power station, the calculation method of the service availability evaluation index of the power station system is put forward. On this basis, taking the minimum annual cost and maintenance cost of power battery and charger as the objective function, considering the constraint of system service availability, the model of capacity allocation of power station is established. The model is solved based on differential evolution algorithm. Finally, the optimal configuration calculation of specific examples is carried out, and the effects of different power conversion demand distribution characteristics and different service availability constraints on the configuration results under the conventional operation strategy are compared. Then the operation strategies of several different demand response measures are introduced to study, and the effects of different demand response measures on the configuration results and charging costs are compared. Finally, the operation of the power station under several different configuration schemes is analyzed.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華北電力大學(xué)(北京)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：U491.8

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