【摘要】：城市的擴(kuò)張使得城市系統(tǒng)變的更加復(fù)雜,重大突發(fā)事件也頻繁發(fā)生。無可否認(rèn),很多突發(fā)事件無法準(zhǔn)確的預(yù)測,基于其偶然性以及危險性,減少人員傷亡、降低財產(chǎn)損失便成為了城市應(yīng)急突發(fā)事件的首要目標(biāo)。實(shí)際上,突發(fā)事件本身并不是造成人員傷亡的主要因素,人員在危險區(qū)域長時間受困而未及時轉(zhuǎn)移出去才是其主要原因。突發(fā)事件包含很多種類,文章選取以城市生產(chǎn)類突發(fā)事件為背景進(jìn)行研究。通常,突發(fā)事件的影響范圍被劃分為三個部分：危險區(qū)域、緩沖區(qū)域以及安全區(qū)域。其中危險區(qū)域作為突發(fā)事件直接影響區(qū)域,其疏散效果決定著整個疏散過程的優(yōu)劣程度。因此,文章主要對突發(fā)事件直接影響區(qū)域內(nèi)的疏散問題進(jìn)行研究。與常態(tài)交通不同,突發(fā)事件下疏散車流對時間的要求更高�；诖�,文章首先對突發(fā)事件下城市交通特征進(jìn)行了概述,包含城市交通設(shè)施、交通流以及交通路網(wǎng)三個方面。然后在此基礎(chǔ)上對應(yīng)急疏散進(jìn)行了進(jìn)一步的分析,并確立了文章研究的出發(fā)點(diǎn)。為了提高疏散效率,采取一定的策略是可行的。因此,根據(jù)突發(fā)事件下的交通特征,文章對疏散路網(wǎng)采取單行措施的可行性進(jìn)行了分析,并闡述了單行設(shè)置的原則。疏散總時間費(fèi)用主要與道路行程時間有關(guān),包含有路段通行時間以及交叉口延誤時間,加之突發(fā)事件直接影響區(qū)域內(nèi)的應(yīng)急程度以及路段上的車流密度比較高并且波動性強(qiáng),因此文章建立了動態(tài)的道路阻抗模型。隨后,利用所建立的路阻公式,建立了應(yīng)急疏散模型。并根據(jù)模型特點(diǎn),結(jié)合蟻群算法,得到了模型的求解方法。最后,通過一假設(shè)案例對其初始網(wǎng)絡(luò)條件下疏散進(jìn)行了仿真分析,得到了該案例條件下的路網(wǎng)單行設(shè)置方案。然后再對該方案下的疏散情況進(jìn)行仿真,結(jié)果表明其可以明顯提高疏散效率。
[Abstract]:The expansion of the city makes the city system become more complex, and the major emergencies also occur frequently. It is undeniable that many emergencies cannot be predicted accurately. Based on their contingency and danger, reducing casualties and property losses has become the primary goal of urban emergency emergencies. In fact, the emergency itself is not the main cause of casualties, and the main reason is that people are trapped in dangerous areas for a long time and do not move out in time. There are many kinds of emergencies. The background of this paper is urban production emergencies. Usually, the impact of emergencies is divided into three parts: dangerous area, buffer area and safety area. Dangerous area as an emergency directly affects the area, the evacuation effect determines the quality of the entire evacuation process. Therefore, this paper mainly studies the evacuation problem in the area which is directly affected by the emergency. Different from normal traffic, the time requirement of evacuation traffic is higher than that of normal traffic. Based on this, this paper firstly summarizes the characteristics of urban traffic under emergency, including urban traffic facilities, traffic flow and traffic network. Then on this basis, the further analysis of emergency evacuation, and establish the starting point of the article. In order to improve the efficiency of evacuation, it is feasible to adopt a certain strategy. Therefore, according to the traffic characteristics of emergency, this paper analyzes the feasibility of taking one-way measures to evacuate the road network, and expounds the principle of single-row setting. The total evacuation time cost is mainly related to the road travel time, including road passage time and intersection delay time, in addition, the emergency degree in the area affected directly by the emergency incident and the traffic flow density on the road section is relatively high and the volatility is strong. Therefore, a dynamic road impedance model is established in this paper. Then, the emergency evacuation model is established by using the established road resistance formula. According to the characteristics of the model and ant colony algorithm, the solution of the model is obtained. Finally, through a hypothetical case, the evacuation under the initial network condition is simulated and analyzed, and the single-row setting scheme of the road network under the condition of this case is obtained. The simulation results show that the evacuation efficiency can be improved obviously.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南交通大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：U491

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