【摘要】：為了緩解應急疏散過程中的交通擁堵現(xiàn)象,交通管理部門制定了各種疏散策略。而逆向車道設置作為一種可提高疏散方向通行能力的有效交通策略,在疏散過程中表現(xiàn)出了極強的優(yōu)越性。雖然逆向車道設置原理簡單,但是關(guān)于逆向車道設置的相關(guān)理論知識以及規(guī)范政策相對比較匱乏。本文研究主題為應急疏散情況下的逆向車道設置問題,重點集中在對逆向車道定義、逆向車道的優(yōu)缺點及其應用領(lǐng)域的分析,并且結(jié)合了應急疏散情況下交通流的特性,在最小割理論下提出逆向車道的設置方法。通過設置逆向車道,可有效提高從事發(fā)點到安全點的輸送流量,極大的緩解疏散過程中的交通延誤及擁堵情況。論文首先定義了本文研究的主體逆向車道,明確了研究的對象逆向車道是指在應急疏散過程中,通過采取相關(guān)交通措施,將從事發(fā)區(qū)域到安全區(qū)域方向的對向車道,全部或者部分改變通行方向。同時對逆向車道的應用領(lǐng)域,影響逆向車道設置的因素以及逆向車道的各類組織方式進行了總結(jié)。由于本文是在應急疏散情況下展開的,因此本文分析了應急疏散影響因素,通過歸納總結(jié)突發(fā)事件和自然災害對交通流及交通系統(tǒng)的影響,明確疏散過程中的交通流特性,根據(jù)不同的交通特性,給出了不同情況下的交通疏散策略。最后,以提高疏散方向通行能力為目標,結(jié)合逆向車道設置的內(nèi)涵,提出了基于最大流最小割理論的逆向車道設置策略。由于疏散過程中,限制疏散方向通行能力的往往為路網(wǎng)中的瓶頸路段,而最大流最小割理論恰好能夠給出網(wǎng)絡中限制整個網(wǎng)路運輸能力的關(guān)鍵路段集合。本論文就是以該原理為基礎,尋找逆向車道設置的具體路段。
[Abstract]:In order to alleviate the traffic congestion in the process of emergency evacuation, traffic management departments have formulated various evacuation strategies. As an effective traffic strategy, reverse lane setting can improve the capacity of evacuation direction, and it shows strong superiority in evacuation process. Although the principle of reverse lane setting is simple, the relative theoretical knowledge and normative policy about reverse lane setting are relatively scarce. In this paper, we focus on the definition of reverse lane, the advantages and disadvantages of reverse lane and its application field, and combine the characteristics of traffic flow in the case of emergency evacuation, and focus on the definition of reverse lane, the advantages and disadvantages of reverse lane and the analysis of its application field. Based on the minimum cutting theory, an inverse lane setting method is proposed. By setting up the reverse lane, the traffic flow from the departure point to the safety point can be effectively improved, and the traffic delay and congestion in the evacuation process can be greatly alleviated. At first, the paper defines the main reverse lane of this paper, and makes clear that the object reverse lane refers to the opposite lane from the accident area to the safe area in the process of emergency evacuation, through the relevant traffic measures, and it is clear that the reverse lane is the opposite lane from the accident area to the safe area during the emergency evacuation process. Change the direction in whole or in part. At the same time, the application field of reverse lane, the factors that influence the setting of reverse lane and the organization of reverse lane are summarized. Because this paper is carried out in the case of emergency evacuation, this paper analyzes the influencing factors of emergency evacuation, summarizes the impact of emergency events and natural disasters on traffic flow and traffic system, and clarifies the characteristics of traffic flow in evacuation process. According to different traffic characteristics, the traffic evacuation strategies under different circumstances are given. Finally, in order to improve the capacity of evacuation direction, combined with the connotation of reverse lane setting, a reverse lane setting strategy based on the theory of maximum flow and minimum cut is proposed. In the process of evacuation, the capacity of evacuation direction is often restricted by the bottleneck section of the network, and the theory of maximum flow and minimum cut can just give out the set of key sections in the network that limit the transportation capacity of the whole network. This paper is based on this principle, looking for the specific section of reverse lane setting.
【學位授予單位】：蘭州交通大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：U491.2

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本文編號：2455728