【摘要】：海岸帶是陸地與海洋相互作用的地帶,是海岸線向陸、海兩側(cè)擴(kuò)展一定寬度的帶狀區(qū)域,同時(shí)也是海洋開發(fā)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的重要基地。生態(tài)環(huán)境卻較為脆弱,極易遭受風(fēng)暴潮、海平面上升及人類活動(dòng)等影響發(fā)生侵蝕,從而給沿岸居民的生產(chǎn)及生活等造成嚴(yán)重危害,致使沿海地區(qū)的工廠坍塌、道路中斷、海岸防護(hù)林遭破壞以及鹽田、農(nóng)田被海水淹沒等。因此,針對(duì)砂質(zhì)海岸開展海岸防護(hù)措施研究對(duì)于保護(hù)海岸帶地區(qū)免遭破壞具有重要的現(xiàn)實(shí)意義。本文選取了萊州灣典型侵蝕砂岸-石虎咀區(qū)域?yàn)檠芯繉?duì)象,通過實(shí)地考察及理論方面的分析研究,綜合考慮了施工可行性和費(fèi)用等方面確定選用新型浮式防波堤即“π”型浮式防波堤進(jìn)行海岸侵蝕防護(hù)。浮式結(jié)構(gòu)相比較傳統(tǒng)重力式結(jié)構(gòu)具有重量輕、對(duì)地基要求低、安放簡單、造價(jià)較低、海水交換能力強(qiáng)、不會(huì)改變水流方向和對(duì)生態(tài)環(huán)境影響小等方面的優(yōu)點(diǎn),是一種對(duì)生態(tài)環(huán)境友好、造價(jià)低廉的具有發(fā)展?jié)摿Φ慕Y(jié)構(gòu)型式。通過閱讀文獻(xiàn)和查找資料,對(duì)研究區(qū)域海洋水動(dòng)力條件進(jìn)行了研究,掌握了研究區(qū)域的海洋動(dòng)力特征并統(tǒng)計(jì)計(jì)算了風(fēng)、波浪、潮汐等要素。分別對(duì)反射型結(jié)構(gòu)與摩擦型結(jié)構(gòu)的消波性能及其運(yùn)動(dòng)響應(yīng)進(jìn)行分析。討論了浮式防波堤的三維勢流理論和水動(dòng)力性能理論等并對(duì)其推導(dǎo)計(jì)算�；诋�(dāng)?shù)丨h(huán)境特點(diǎn)和浮式防波堤相關(guān)理論,分別從長度、寬度、吃水深度、系泊系統(tǒng)及材料等方面設(shè)計(jì)浮式防波堤。新型浮式防波堤采用鋼筋混凝土材料,采用三段式連接,為增強(qiáng)結(jié)構(gòu)的迎波面積,向下延長增加了兩塊擋板,擋板長度為1m,寬度0.2m。從而最終設(shè)計(jì)結(jié)構(gòu)為“π”型浮式防波堤。系泊纜采用合成纖維繩,其能夠承受較大的斷裂荷載,沿長度方向每隔24m設(shè)置一個(gè)系泊纜繩,單個(gè)浮式防波堤共設(shè)8個(gè),每側(cè)4個(gè),對(duì)稱分布。分別計(jì)算分析了防波堤的浮力、重力和系泊力等,其中在波峰和波谷單獨(dú)作用下可求得結(jié)構(gòu)的浮力,通過受力分析求得重力和系泊力,由結(jié)果可看出結(jié)構(gòu)所受的浮力遠(yuǎn)大于重力,因此結(jié)構(gòu)能夠漂浮在水面,在極端環(huán)境下系泊纜的受力能夠滿足要求,進(jìn)一步從造價(jià)及工程經(jīng)驗(yàn)方面研究了浮式防波堤的可行性。應(yīng)用ANSYS軟件進(jìn)行數(shù)值模擬,在WORKBENCH中的Hydrodynamic Diffraction和Hydrodynamic Response模塊對(duì)“π”型浮式防波堤進(jìn)行建模計(jì)算分析。研究了“π”型浮式防波堤的不同來浪方向的運(yùn)動(dòng)響應(yīng),六個(gè)方向的響應(yīng)幅值及其透射系數(shù),并與傳統(tǒng)箱型浮式防波堤進(jìn)行對(duì)比分析,得到新型結(jié)構(gòu)具有更好的消波性能。進(jìn)一步分析結(jié)構(gòu)在波浪(分別考慮規(guī)則波和不規(guī)則波)、風(fēng)等作用下的運(yùn)動(dòng)響應(yīng)和系泊受力情況,數(shù)值計(jì)算結(jié)果表明設(shè)計(jì)結(jié)構(gòu)能夠滿足極端環(huán)境下的要求,對(duì)當(dāng)?shù)睾０斗雷o(hù)具有可行性。
[Abstract]:Coastal zone is the land-ocean interaction zone, is the coastline to land, the two sides of the sea to expand a certain width of the ribbon area, but also an important base for the development of ocean development economy. However, the ecological environment is fragile and vulnerable to storm surges, sea-level rise and human activities, thus causing serious harm to the production and life of coastal residents, resulting in factory collapses and road disruptions in coastal areas. Coastal shelterbelts were destroyed and salt fields, farmland submerged by the sea, and so on. Therefore, the study of coastal protection measures for sandy coast is of great practical significance to protect coastal zone from damage. In this paper, the typical eroded sand bank-Shihuzui area in Laizhou Bay is selected as the research object, and through field investigation and theoretical analysis, Considering the feasibility and cost of construction, a new type floating breakwater named "蟺" floating breakwater is selected for coastal erosion protection. Compared with the traditional gravity structure, floating structure has many advantages, such as light weight, low demand for foundation, simple installation, low cost, strong sea water exchange ability, no change of water flow direction and little influence on ecological environment, etc. The floating structure has the advantages of light weight, low demand for foundation, simple installation, low cost and strong sea water exchange ability. It is an eco-friendly, low-cost structure with potential for development. Through reading the literature and looking up the data, the marine hydrodynamic conditions in the study area are studied, the characteristics of the ocean dynamics in the study area are grasped and the wind, wave and tide elements are calculated statistically. The anti-wave performance and motion response of reflective structure and friction structure are analyzed respectively. The three-dimensional potential flow theory and hydrodynamic performance theory of floating breakwater are discussed and calculated. Based on the local environmental characteristics and the relevant theory of floating breakwater, the floating breakwater is designed from the aspects of length, width, draft depth, mooring system and materials. The new floating breakwater is made of reinforced concrete material and three-segment connection. In order to strengthen the upgoing wave area of the structure, two baffles are added downward, the length of the baffle is 1 m and the width of the baffle is 0.2 m. Thus, the final design structure is "蟺" floating breakwater. The mooring cable is composed of synthetic fiber rope, which can withstand large fracture load. Along the length direction, one mooring rope is arranged every 24 meters, and a single floating breakwater has 8 mooring cables, 4 on each side and symmetrical distribution. The buoyancy, gravity and mooring force of the breakwater are calculated and analyzed respectively, in which the buoyancy of the structure can be obtained under the action of the wave peak and the wave valley, and the gravity and mooring force can be obtained by the force analysis. It can be seen from the results that the buoyancy of the structure is much greater than that of gravity, so the structure can float on the surface of the water and the force of the mooring cable in the extreme environment can meet the requirements. The feasibility of the floating breakwater is further studied from the aspects of cost and engineering experience. The "蟺" floating breakwater is modeled and analyzed by using ANSYS software Hydrodynamic Diffraction and Hydrodynamic Response modules in WORKBENCH. In this paper, the motion response of "蟺" floating breakwater in different direction, the amplitude and transmission coefficient of six directions are studied, and compared with the traditional box type floating breakwater, it is found that the new structure has better wave suppression performance. The motion response and mooring force of the structure under the action of wave (regular wave and irregular wave respectively) and wind are further analyzed. The numerical results show that the designed structure can meet the requirements of extreme environment. It is feasible to protect the local coast.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：魯東大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：U656.2

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